評論
打印
Leaders
社論
Construction
建筑
The house made of wood
木制房屋
Buildings produce a huge amount of carbon. Using more wood would be greener
建筑物產(chǎn)生大量碳。使用更多木材會更環(huán)保
The second little pig was unlucky. He built his house from sticks. It was blown away by a huffing, puffing wolf, which promptly gobbled him up. His brother, by contrast, built a wolf-proof house from bricks. The fairy tale could have been written by a flack for the construction industry, which strongly favours brick, concrete and steel. However, in the real world it would help reduce pollution and slow global warming if more builders copied the wood-loving second pig.
第二只小豬很不走運。他用樹枝蓋房子。房子很快被一只狼呼哧呼哧地吹走了，然后小豬被吞了。而他的兄弟用磚塊建造了一所防狼的房子。這個童話故事可能是建筑業(yè)的推銷員寫的，而建筑業(yè)大力支持磚、混凝土和鋼鐵。然而，在現(xiàn)實世界中，如果更多建筑商模仿熱愛木材的第二只豬，將有助于減少污染、減緩全球變暖。
In 2015 world leaders meeting in Paris agreed to move towards zero net greenhouse-gas emissions in the second half of this century. That is a tall order, and the building industry makes it even taller. Cement-making alone produces 6% of the world’s carbon emissions. Steel, half of which goes into buildings, accounts for another 8%. If you factor in all of the energy that goes into lighting, heating and cooling homes and offices, the world’s buildings start to look like a giant environmental problem.
2015年，各國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在巴黎舉行會議，就本世紀(jì)下半葉實現(xiàn)溫室氣體零排放達成一致。這是一個很高的要求，而建筑行業(yè)更難達到。僅水泥制造就產(chǎn)生了全球6%的碳排放。鋼鐵，其中一半進入建筑，占另外8%。如果把所有用于照明、供暖和制冷的家庭及辦公室能源都考慮在內(nèi)，世界上的建筑似乎有很大的環(huán)境問題。
Governments in the rich world are now trying to promote greener behaviour by obliging developers to build new projects to “zero carbon” standards. From January 1st 2019 all new public-sector buildings in the European Union must be built to “nearly zero-energy” standards. All other types of buildings will follow in January 2021. Governments in eight further countries are being lobbied to introduce a similar policy.
發(fā)達國家正試圖通過強制開發(fā)商建造符合“零碳”標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的新項目來促進綠色行為。從2019年1月1日起，歐盟所有新公共建筑必須按照“接近零能耗”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)建造。所有其他類型的建筑都將于2021年1月建成。另外8個國家也被游說引入類似的政策。
These standards are less green than they seem. Wind turbines and solar panels on top of buildings look good but are much less productive than wind and solar farms. And the standards only count the emissions from running a building, not those belched out when it was made. Those are thought to account for between 30% and 60% of the total over a structure’s lifetime.
這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)并不像看上去那么環(huán)保。建筑頂部的風(fēng)力渦輪機和太陽能電池板看起來不錯，但其生產(chǎn)率遠遠低于風(fēng)力和太陽能發(fā)電廠。這些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)只計算建筑運行過程中的排放量，而不計算建筑建成時的排放量。而建成過程占建筑總周期的30%到60%。
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