Yet few have changed their online behaviour, boycotted snooping tech firms or exercised what few digital rights they possess. Partly this is because managing your own data is time consuming and complex, even for those who understand how to do it. But it is also because of a misunderstanding of what is at stake. “Data” is an abstract concept, technical and intangible. Far more solid is the idea of identity. It is only when “data” is understood to mean “people” that individuals will demand accountability from those who seek to know them.
但很少有人改變自己的網(wǎng)上行為，很少有人抵制窺探技術(shù)公司，或者行使他們所擁有的為數(shù)不多的數(shù)字權(quán)利。部分原因是，管理自己的數(shù)據(jù)既費時又復(fù)雜，即使對那些知道如何管理數(shù)據(jù)的人來說也是如此。但還因為得失難料。“數(shù)據(jù)”是一個抽象的概念，具有技術(shù)性和無形性。更可靠的是身份的概念。只有“數(shù)據(jù)”被理解為“人”的代表時，個人才會讓向試圖向了解他們的人問責。
Such accountability stretches far beyond an obligation to secure someone’s credit-card details. In the information age, data are used to decide what sort of access people have to services. Uber ratings determine who gets a taxi; Airbnb reviews decide what sort of property you can stay in; dating-app algorithms choose your potential life partners. Firms use location data and payment history to sell you products. Your online searches may establish the price you pay for things. Those with a good Zhima credit score, administered by an Alibaba subsidiary, enjoy discounts and waived deposits. Those without receive few offers.
這種責任遠遠超出了確保某人信用卡詳細信息安全的義務(wù)。在信息時代，數(shù)據(jù)決定人們對服務(wù)的訪問方式。優(yōu)步上的排名決定誰能打到車；愛彼迎的評論決定你可以住什么樣的房子；約會應(yīng)用程序算法選擇你潛在的生活伴侶。公司利用位置數(shù)據(jù)和支付歷史向你推銷產(chǎn)品。你在網(wǎng)上的搜索可能會決定購買商品的價格。由阿里巴巴子公司管理的“芝麻”信用評分良好的客戶可以享受折扣和免押金服務(wù)。“芝麻”信用評分不好的客戶則享受不到這樣的服務(wù)。
When they are used by states, such techniques pose a still greater threat. Algorithms that are able to recognise patterns in data can pinpoint dissidents or even those with unconventional opinions. In 2012 Facebook experimented with using data to manipulate emotions. In 2016 Russia used data to influence the American presidential election. The question is not whether someone is doing something wrong. It is whether others can do wrong to them.
而這些技術(shù)用于國家層面的話，就會構(gòu)成更大的威脅。能夠識別數(shù)據(jù)模式的算法也能找出持不同政見者，甚至是那些持非傳統(tǒng)觀點的人。2012年，臉書嘗試使用數(shù)據(jù)來操縱用戶的情緒。2016年，俄羅斯利用數(shù)據(jù)影響美國總統(tǒng)大選。問題不在于某人是否做錯了什么。關(guān)鍵是別人是否能對他們做錯事。
The fossils of past actions fuel future economic and social outcomes. Privacy rules, data-protection regulation and new laws surrounding the use of algorithms are crucial in protecting the rights of individuals. But the first step towards ensuring the fairness of the new information age is to understand that it is not data that are valuable. It is you.
過去行動如化石燃料般點燃未來的經(jīng)濟社會結(jié)果。隱私規(guī)則、數(shù)據(jù)保護條例和圍繞算法使用的新法律對保護個人權(quán)利至關(guān)重要。但確保新信息時代公平的第一步，是要明白，有價值的不是數(shù)據(jù)。而是你這個人。
譯文由可可原創(chuàng)，僅供學習交流使用，未經(jīng)許可請勿轉(zhuǎn)載。
評論
打印
