評論
打印
It's no secret that athletes love music:
眾所周知，運(yùn)動員熱愛音樂：
rumor has it, swimmer Michael Phelps listened to the Eminem song "'Til I Collapse" before every race
有傳言說，游泳運(yùn)動員邁克爾·菲爾普斯在每場比賽前都會聽埃米納姆 的歌曲《Til I Collapse》，
and gymnast Shawn Johnson jammed out to "Soul Rock" by Ferras before every big meet.
體操運(yùn)動員肖恩·約翰遜在每次大型比賽前都會高唱費(fèi)拉斯的《Soul Rock》。
And that's because music not only puts them in a good mood, it might actually make the difference between bronze and gold.
這是因?yàn)橐魳凡粌H能讓人心情愉悅，而且還會對人產(chǎn)生重要影響。
Dozens of studies have found that listening to loud, uptempo music gets athletes working harder and helps them exercise longer.
許多研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，聽高音量、快節(jié)奏的音樂能讓運(yùn)動員更努力地工作，并幫助他們鍛煉的時間更久。
Which is why, of course, that's the kind of music you hear the moment you walk into any fitness center.
當(dāng)然，這就是為什么你一走進(jìn)健身中心就會聽到這樣的音樂。
But the real question is why this happens.
但真正的問題是為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況。
Part of the story, no doubt, has to do with how music makes people feel, since how you feel affects how you think and act.
毫無疑問，這與音樂給人的感覺有關(guān)，因?yàn)楦杏X會影響人的想法和行為。
Music you like lifts your spirits, and in general, upbeat songs tend to make people feel happier.
聽喜歡的音樂能振奮你的精神，一般來說，歡快的音樂會讓人感覺更快樂。
A 2014 study in the journal Social Psychological and Personality Science showed certain songs can even evoke a sense of power.
2014年發(fā)表在《社會心理與人格科學(xué)》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究顯示，某些歌曲甚至能喚起一種力量感。
When songs like "We Will Rock You" by Queen or 2Unlimited's "Get Ready for This" played in the background, the participants felt more powerful,
當(dāng)皇后樂隊(duì)的《We Will Rock You》或2Unlimited樂隊(duì)的《Get Ready for This》等歌曲作為背景音樂播放時，參與者會感到更有力量。
and that led to them acting differently—doing things like choosing to go first in a debate or taking charge in an activity.
做出不同的行為——比如選擇在辯論中打前陣，或者是負(fù)責(zé)一項(xiàng)活動。
This was especially attributable to bass sounds.
這主要?dú)w功于高音部。
When the experimenters chose an unfamiliar classical piece and artificially ratcheted up the bass,
當(dāng)實(shí)驗(yàn)者選擇一個不熟悉的古典樂并人為地提高低音時，
people in the study felt more powerful than when listening to the same track with the bass dialed down.
研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這比聽原來的歌曲更有力量。
Other studies have similarly found that people are more willing to take athletic risks when music is playing.
其他研究也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)播放音樂時，人們更愿意體育冒險。
So when athletes hear a fast-tempo song with lots of bass, they might work harder or do better because the music makes them feel stronger and more confident.
因此，當(dāng)運(yùn)動員聽到節(jié)奏快、低音很多的歌曲時，他們可能會更加努力，或者做得更好，因?yàn)橐魳纷屗麄兏杏X更堅(jiān)強(qiáng)、更自信。
Basically, they feel empowered to shoot that long 3-pointer, or go for that triple axel.
基本上來說，他們覺得自己有能力投中長三分球，或者完成三周半跳。
Music can also help distract you from what your body is feeling, which is helpful if you want to push yourself.
音樂也可以讓你分散對身體感覺的注意力，如果你想強(qiáng)迫自己的話，這是很有幫助的。
You can only process so much sensory information at once, so hearing music—especially loud music you can't tune out—
你一次只能處理這么多感官信息，所以聽音樂，尤其是大聲的音樂，你無法置之不理，
draws your attention away from your sore muscles and your aching joints.
將你的注意力從酸痛的肌肉和關(guān)節(jié)上轉(zhuǎn)移開來。
This effect is especially strong with music—researchers have had subjects listen to audiobooks instead,
這種效應(yīng)在音樂方面尤其明顯——研究人員讓受試者聽有聲讀物，
and they feel more exhausted than music listeners, maybe because the words alone just aren't distracting enough.
聽有聲讀物的人感覺比聽音樂的人更疲憊，也許是因?yàn)閱卧~本身不足以分散注意力。
Nevertheless, you can get my book in audio form, An Absolutely Remarkable Thing, available wherever audiobooks are sold.
不過，你可以買到我的有聲書——《An Absolutely Remarkable Thing》，在銷售有聲書的任何地點(diǎn)都可以買到哦。
Distraction can be a bad thing if you're doing something hard that takes a lot of coordination—basically, when you need to really focus to do well, like making that perfect putt.
如果你正在做一件需要很多協(xié)調(diào)能力的難事，分心可能是件壞事——基本上來說，當(dāng)你需要集中精力做好一件事的時候，比如完美的推桿。
But if you're just trying to build stamina, or doing something automatic and repetitive like cycling, distracting music can help you last longer.
但如果你只是想增強(qiáng)耐力，或者做一些像騎自行車這樣自動重復(fù)的事情，分心的音樂可以幫助你持續(xù)更長時間。
Also, working out literally hurts less when you put on your favorite gym tracks.
而且，當(dāng)你穿上最喜歡的健身服時，運(yùn)動就沒那么難了。
That's because music can stimulate the release of natural opioids in the brain, dulling pain and helping you push your body harder.
這是因?yàn)橐魳房梢源碳ご竽X分泌自然阿片類物質(zhì)，減輕疼痛，讓你的身體更強(qiáng)壯。
All of this might be part of why exercise feels easier when you've got good tunes.
這就是為什么當(dāng)有好的曲調(diào)時，運(yùn)動感覺更容易的部分原因。
But it's still more than all of that, because studies have found you literally don't have to work as hard to perform the same action when you're listening to music.
但還不止這些，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，在聽音樂的時候做同樣的動作就沒那么辛苦。
In one study, researchers found that 61 participants used less oxygen—an objective measure of physical exertion—while lifting weights and listening to music.
在一項(xiàng)研究中，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，61名參與者在舉重和聽音樂時使用更少的氧氣——對體力消耗的客觀測量。
Similarly, researchers found that 10 trained runners had lower levels of lactate in their blood—a physiological sign of exertion—while running on a treadmill if they were listening to music.
同樣，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，10名訓(xùn)練有素的跑步者在跑步機(jī)上聽音樂跑步時，他們血液中的乳酸水平較低——體力消耗的生理信號，
Why this happens isn't well understood, but it might be because of how our neurons react to a good rhythm.
為什么會出現(xiàn)這種情況還不清楚，可能是因?yàn)樯窠?jīng)元對有節(jié)奏地運(yùn)動反應(yīng)的方式。
It's called entrainment:
這叫做夾帶：
basically, the neurons in your brain and the rest of your body sync to the beat, and that literally makes it easier on your muscles when you work out.
基本上來說，大腦和身體其他部分的神經(jīng)元會隨著節(jié)拍同步，這會讓你在鍛煉肌肉更加放松
Neurons in your brain, especially in the outer cerebral cortex, send electrical pulses in the form of brain waves.
大腦中尤其是大腦外皮層的神經(jīng)元，以腦電波的形式發(fā)送電脈沖。
These can measured by putting a whole bunch of electronic sensors on a person's scalp—a test called an electroencephalogram or EEG.
這些電脈沖可以通過在一個人的頭皮上放置一大堆電子傳感器來測量——這種測試被稱為腦電圖。
And it turns out that when music gets pumped into your ear canal, the neurons in parts of your brain involved in hearing start to pulse in time with that musical beat.
事實(shí)證明，當(dāng)音樂進(jìn)入你的耳道時，大腦中與聽覺有關(guān)的部分神經(jīng)元開始隨著音樂的節(jié)拍同步跳動。
Brain waves in the motor cortex sync up as well.
運(yùn)動皮層的腦電波也同步運(yùn)行。
Before long, neurons all over your body are essentially swaying to the beat.
不久之后，全身的神經(jīng)元都會隨著節(jié)拍擺動。
Unconscious actions like breathing begin to match the rhythm, like an athletic symphony.
無意識的動作，比如呼吸開始配合節(jié)奏，就像一首運(yùn)動交響曲。
It's thought that this body-wide pacing helps your brain coordinate your muscles more efficiently,
人們認(rèn)為這種全身范圍的節(jié)奏可以幫助大腦更有效地協(xié)調(diào)肌肉，
so it's easier for your limbs to perform repetitive movements, like flexing and releasing when you're lifting weights or rowing your arms while you swim.
所以你的四肢在做重復(fù)的動作時會更容易，比如舉重時手臂的張弛，以及游泳時手臂的滑動。
And when exercise is easier, you can do it better and for longer.
鍛煉更容易時，你可以做得更好，時間更長。
Music can also help you recover after that heart-pumping workout.
音樂也可以幫助你在心臟泵血運(yùn)動后恢復(fù)。
A 2017 study found that slow music helped 42 participants relax after exercise, lowering their heart rates and stress hormone levels more than upbeat music or silence.
2017年的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，慢音樂比歡快的音樂或安靜的音樂更能幫助42名參與者在運(yùn)動后放松，降低心率和應(yīng)激激素水平。
So forget all your GNC muscle powders—if you really want to up your game, just try a little music.
所以忘掉你所有的GNC肌粉吧——如果你真的想把事情做的更好，只需要嘗試一些音樂。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感謝收看本期心理科學(xué)秀！
We really enjoy making and sharing free online educational psychology content like this video,
我們真的很喜歡制作和分享免費(fèi)的在線教育心理學(xué)節(jié)目，就像這個視頻一樣，
so we're extra thankful to our patrons, whose continued support is what makes all of this possible.
所以我們特別感謝我們的贊助人，是他們一直以來的支持，才有了我們的節(jié)目。
If you'd like to help us keep this channel up and running, or learn more about joining our patron community,
如果你想幫助我們保持這個頻道的正常運(yùn)行，或者想了解更多關(guān)于我們社區(qū)的信息，
all the important details can be found at Patreon.com/SciShow
所有重要的細(xì)節(jié)都可以在Patreon.com/SciShow上找到。
