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People often claim that different types of alcohol affect them in different ways.
人們經(jīng)常聲稱不同類型的酒精會(huì)以不同的方式影響自己。
Red wine, for example, makes them sleepy. After a couple shots of tequila, they're ready to party.
例如，紅酒讓他們昏昏欲睡，喝了幾杯龍舌蘭酒后，他們準(zhǔn)備參加派對(duì)了。
If you know a little bit about chemistry, you might be kind of skeptical about this, and for good reason.
如果你對(duì)化學(xué)有一點(diǎn)了解，你可能會(huì)對(duì)此持懷疑態(tài)度，這是有充分理由的。
The active ingredient in red wine and tequila is the same: it's ethanol.
紅葡萄酒和龍舌蘭酒中的活性成分相同：乙醇。
Which should mean that the drinks do essentially the same thing to your body and your brain.
這應(yīng)該意味著酒對(duì)您的身體和大腦的作用基本相同。
But when it comes to what we feel and how we behave, it's not always just about the chemistry.
但是，當(dāng)涉及到我們的感受和行為方式時(shí)，并不僅僅是化學(xué)反應(yīng)。
Psychology is more complicated than that.
心理狀態(tài)比這更復(fù)雜。
And some researchers think there might actually be some truth to the idea that different drinks have different effects.
一些研究人員認(rèn)為，不同的酒會(huì)產(chǎn)生不同的影響。
It's not because of the drinks, though.
不過(guò)，這不是因?yàn)榫啤?/div>
It's because of our experiences or expectations while we're drinking them.
這是因?yàn)槲覀兒染茣r(shí)的經(jīng)歷或期望。
The cultural association between certain drinks and different behavioral or emotional responses is more than anecdotal—
某些酒與不同行為或情緒反應(yīng)之間的文化聯(lián)系不僅僅是軼事——
it's backed up by data, like in a 2017 paper published in the journal BMJ Open.
它有數(shù)據(jù)支持，就像2017年發(fā)表在英國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)期刊《BMJ Open》上的論文一樣。
The study pulled data from the Global Drug Survey, an international survey that asked people,
這項(xiàng)研究從全球藥物調(diào)查中獲取數(shù)據(jù)，這是一項(xiàng)國(guó)際調(diào)查，
among other things, about their emotions while drinking various types of alcohol.
除其他外，調(diào)查的內(nèi)容是他們喝各種酒時(shí)的情緒。
The researchers included responses from almost 30,000 people from 21 countries, all between the ages of 18 and 34,
研究人員收集了近30,000人的回復(fù)，這些人來(lái)自21個(gè)國(guó)家，年齡在18~34歲之間，
who said they drank beer, spirits, red wine, and white wine in the past year.
他們表示，自己在過(guò)去的一年里喝過(guò)啤酒、烈酒、紅酒和白葡萄酒。
People were most likely to report feeling relaxed or tired while drinking red wine,
人們?cè)诤燃t酒時(shí)最有可能感到放松或疲憊，
and hard liquor was most likely to elicit feelings like aggression and restlessness.
喝烈酒最有可能引起諸如侵略和不安的感覺(jué)。
And more than 40% of the respondents said liquor made them feel sexy.
超過(guò)40％的受訪者表示，酒使他們感覺(jué)性感。
So there was definitely a difference— although, as the researchers noted,
所以肯定存在差異 —— 盡管如研究人員指出的那樣，
all this shows is that people associate different kinds of alcohol with different emotions.
所有這些表明，人們將不同種類的酒與不同的情緒聯(lián)系起來(lái)。
It doesn't mean that those alcohols are causing those emotions, and there are all kinds of possible reasons for the relationship.
這并不意味著那些酒是導(dǎo)致他們情緒產(chǎn)生的原因，影響情緒的原因可能有多種。
One might be where the drinks were consumed.
其中一個(gè)原因可能是喝酒的地方。
The survey results showed that people were more likely to drink alcohol types that made them feel energized when they were out,
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，人們外出時(shí)更有可能喝讓他們感到精力充沛的酒，
and were most likely to drink things that make them tired and relaxed when they were at home.
在家時(shí)最有可能喝讓他們感到疲倦和放松的酒。
If you usually drink red wine when you're relaxing at home, then of course it's going to seem like a relaxing sort of drink.
如果你在家里放松的時(shí)候經(jīng)常喝紅葡萄酒，那么當(dāng)然，紅葡萄酒似乎是一種輕松的酒。
There's also a lot of research that shows the way that we feel after drinking depends on the environment we're in while we're drinking,
還有很多研究表明，酒后感覺(jué)取決于飲酒的環(huán)境，
or on our expectation of what alcohol does.
或者我們對(duì)酒精的預(yù)期。
For example, take a 1985 study published in the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, where researchers gave 98 men one of two things:
例如，以1985年發(fā)表在《酒精研究雜志》上的一項(xiàng)研究為例，該研究調(diào)查了98名男性：
Some drank enough vodka tonics to get their blood alcohol levels to 0.10, a little higher than the legal limit for driving in the U.S.
有些人喝了足夠的伏特加酒，血液酒精含量達(dá)到0.10，略高于美國(guó)開(kāi)車的法定酒精限量。
The rest had a placebo—tonic water mixed with a tiny bit of vodka, so it had the taste and smell.
其余的飲用安慰劑——通寧水和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)伏特加酒的混合，所以它有伏特加酒的味道和氣味。
The subjects in each group were either left alone, or with a bunch of other people, and the setting really mattered.
每組受試者要么單獨(dú)留下，要么與其他人一起留下，并且環(huán)境確實(shí)很重要。
When they were with other people, participants who drank the real stuff tended to report feeling more drunk than they did when they were alone.
當(dāng)與其他人在一起時(shí)，喝著純伏特加酒的人往往比獨(dú)自一人時(shí)感覺(jué)更醉。
Even the people who drank placebo reported more physical reactions to it when they were in a group.
當(dāng)大伙一塊喝酒時(shí)，即使是那些喝兌有安慰劑的人，也聲稱出現(xiàn)更多的身體反應(yīng)。
Drinking alcohol alone still led to higher measures of intoxication than drinking placebo in a group, so the chemical prompt was stronger than the social one.
與群體飲用勾兌過(guò)的酒相比，一個(gè)人單獨(dú)喝酒更容易喝醉，因此化學(xué)提示強(qiáng)于社交提示。
But the environment is a powerful thing. And so are expectations.
但環(huán)境是一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的東西，期望也是如此。
Associating different types of alcohol with different emotions is kind of a self-fulfilling prophecy,
將不同類型的酒精與不同的情緒聯(lián)系起來(lái)是一種自我應(yīng)驗(yàn)的預(yù)言，
because our expectations shape our reactions to most things.
因?yàn)槠谕麤Q定了我們對(duì)大多數(shù)事情的反應(yīng)，
We're constantly filtering what we're seeing, feeling, or hearing through our preconceived notions.
先入為主的觀念不斷影響我們所看到、感受到或聽(tīng)到的東西。
Ever eaten something you thought tasted good until you found out what was in it?
你曾經(jīng)認(rèn)為好吃的東西，直到你發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有什么，便再也不去吃。
The same type of thing can happen with alcohol, where your reaction shifts based on what you expect to feel.
酒精也是如此，你的反應(yīng)會(huì)隨著你的期望而改變。
In that 1985 vodka study, people who had more expectations around alcohol——
1985年的伏特加酒研究中，那些對(duì)酒精有更多期望的人——
measured by questions like "Alcohol enables me to have a better time at parties,
通過(guò)“酒精使我能夠在派對(duì)上度過(guò)更美好的時(shí)光”
and Alcohol makes me feel better physically"— were more likely to report pronounced effects of alcohol
和“酒精使我感覺(jué)身體更好”等問(wèn)題來(lái)測(cè)量 —— 更有可能出現(xiàn)明顯的酒精效應(yīng)，
and that was true whether they were drinking real vodka tonics or not, at least for a little while.
無(wú)論是否飲用真正的伏特加酒補(bǔ)品，至少在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)都是如此。
And expectations around alcohol start early.
對(duì)酒精的期望很早就開(kāi)始了。
Long before they start drinking, even kids in elementary school have ideas about what the effects of alcohol are going to be.
早在飲酒之前，即使是小學(xué)的孩子也知道酒精的影響。
Ads, movies, and older friends all reinforce the stereotypes behind different drinks.
廣告、電影和老朋友說(shuō)的話都加強(qiáng)了不同酒的固有印象。
Your expectations are already set when you crack open a bottle, so you're more likely to feel the way you think you're gonna feel.
打開(kāi)瓶子時(shí)，你的期望已經(jīng)確定，所以你更有可能感受到自己認(rèn)為的感覺(jué)。
That said, if you feel like different types of drinks make you feel different things,
也就是說(shuō)，如果你覺(jué)得不同類型的酒讓你的感受不同，
it might not be entirely in your head.
那么它可能不完全在你的頭腦中。
There is a possible physiological explanation for it,
有一個(gè)可能的生理解釋，
although it has more to do with the alcohol content than the type of drink—because again, ethanol is ethanol.
雖然它與酒精含量而不是酒的種類 有關(guān)——因?yàn)榫凭彩且掖肌?/div>
We know that people tend to experience the euphoric effects of alcohol as their blood alcohol content is rising,
我們知道，隨著血液酒精含量的上升，人們往往會(huì)體驗(yàn)到酒精的欣快效應(yīng)，
and feel tired or depressed as their blood alcohol content is going down.
隨著血液酒精含量下降，他們感到疲倦或沮喪。
And in general, once your BAC gets above about 0.05 or 0.06, the depressant effects of alcohol start to kick in.
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一旦你的血液酒精濃度高于0.05或0.06，酒精的抑制作用開(kāi)始起作用。
Hard liquor has a high alcohol level, and people often drink it quickly, as shots.
烈性酒的酒精含量較高，人們經(jīng)常快速飲用。
And that can cause blood alcohol levels to rise quickly, making you feel more upbeat.
這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致血液中的酒精含量迅速上升，使你感覺(jué)更加快樂(lè)。
Meanwhile, beer or wine have lower amounts of alcohol, so you're drinking them slowly over time and you might not get that euphoric rise.
與此同時(shí)，啤酒或葡萄酒的酒精含量較少，因此慢慢喝，你的欣快感可能不會(huì)上升。
But they can also keep your your BAC within the sweet spot before the bad mood hits.
但他們也可以在心情不好之前讓你的血液酒精濃度保持在最佳位置。
Still, even if this is part of what's happening, it's about the alcohol content, not the type of drink.
盡管如此，即使這是發(fā)生事情的一部分，也是和酒精含量而不是酒的種類有關(guān)。
And there doesn't need to be anything going on chemically to change how you feel when you're drinking.
并且不需要任何化學(xué)反應(yīng)來(lái)改變飲酒時(shí)的感覺(jué)。
It's your environment and your expectations that really matter.
重要的是環(huán)境和期望。
So, it's not just a myth.
所以，這不僅僅是一個(gè)神話。
If you're taking shots in a bar to get hyped up for a night on the town, you're probably more likely to feel ready to party.
如果你夜晚在酒吧里喝幾杯，玩嗨了，你可能更愿意參加派對(duì)。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych!
感謝收看本期心理科學(xué)秀！
Alcohol can affect the brain and body in all kinds of ways, but it can be hard to tell when that becomes a problem.
酒精可以通過(guò)各種方式影響大腦和身體，但很難分辨出何時(shí)成為問(wèn)題。
If you'd like to learn more about when too much is ... too much, you can watch our episode about alcoholism.
如果你想了解更多關(guān)于什么時(shí)候太多的話，可以觀看酒精中毒的視頻節(jié)目。
| 重點(diǎn)單詞 | 查看全部解釋 | |||
| legal | ['li:gəl] |
想一想再看 adj. 法律的，合法的，法定的 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| relaxed | [ri'lækst] |
想一想再看 adj. 放松的， 松懈的，隨意的 relax的過(guò)去式（ |
||
| expectation | [.ekspek'teiʃən] |
想一想再看 n. 期待，期望 |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| explanation | [.eksplə'neiʃən] |
想一想再看 n. 解釋，說(shuō)明 |
||
| emotional | [i'məuʃənl] |
想一想再看 adj. 感情的，情緒的 |
||
| tonic | ['tɔnik] |
想一想再看 n. 補(bǔ)藥，奎寧水，[音]主調(diào)音或基音， adj. 滋補(bǔ) |
聯(lián)想記憶 | |
| restlessness | ['restlisnis] |
想一想再看 n. 坐立不安；不安定 |
||
| tend | [tend] |
想一想再看 v. 趨向，易于，照料，護(hù)理 |
||
| setting | ['setiŋ] |
想一想再看 n. 安裝，放置，周圍，環(huán)境，(為詩(shī)等譜寫的)樂(lè)曲 |
||
| measured | ['meʒəd] |
想一想再看 adj. 量過(guò)的，慎重的，基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的，有韻律的 動(dòng)詞me |
