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Mirrors can be pretty freaking creepy. Don't believe it?
鏡子可能會讓人毛骨悚然。不相信嗎？
Go into the bathroom, turn off the lights, and stare at yourself in the mirror.
你走到浴室，關上燈，盯著鏡子里的自己。
Give it a minute or two … and you'll start to see things. Strange things.
過一兩分鐘...你就會開始看到東西，奇怪的東西。
That's what puts Bloody Mary right up there with Seven Minutes in Heaven and Truth or Dare
這讓“血腥瑪麗”與“天堂七分鐘”以及“真心話大冒險”游戲齊名，
on the list of best old-school slumber party games.
都在最佳傳統睡衣晚會游戲行列。
In the 80s movie version, you say Bloody Mary's name three times and summon a terrifying demoness in the mirror,
在80年代的電影版本中，你說三次血腥瑪麗的名字，就會在鏡子里召喚出一個可怕的惡魔來，
which, I'm doing just fine without those particular nightmares, thank you very much.
我沒事，沒做特別的噩夢，謝謝你的關心。
It's weird that looking at your reflection for too long makes you see a face in the mirror
長時間看著自己的鏡像會讓你在鏡子里看到一張臉，
that's distorted and definitely not yours.
這張臉是扭曲的，而且絕對不是你的，這很奇怪。
That's literally the opposite of what mirrors are for.
這簡直和鏡子的作用正好相反。
But even though it's a little freaky, it can tell us a lot about how our brains process images, especially faces.
但它雖然怪異了點兒，卻可以告訴我們很多關于大腦如何處理圖像尤其是面部的知識。
In 2010, an Italian researcher asked fifty people to look into a mirror for ten minutes in a dimly lit room
在2010年，一位意大利研究人員讓50個人在昏暗的房間里對著鏡子看10分鐘
and write down everything they saw.
并寫下他們看到的一切。
Two-thirds of them saw a distorted version of their own face.
三分之二的人看到的是自己扭曲的臉。
Over a quarter saw someone that they'd never met before, or what looked like an old woman or a child.
超過四分之一的人看到的是他們從未見過的人，或者看到像老婦人或小孩的人。
And I'm literally getting goosebumps; this is freaking me out.
我真的開始起雞皮疙瘩了，這嚇到我了。
Almost half reported seeing quote-unquote "fantastical and monstrous beings."
幾近一半的人報告說他們看到了所謂的“荒誕怪物”。
Some of this weirdness can be explained by the Troxler effect,
其中一些奇怪現象可以用特羅克斯勒效應來解釋，
where things in your peripheral vision start to fade as you focus on something in the middle.
后者是指當你把注意力集中在中心時，你的周邊視覺開始淡出。
That's because the neurons in your eyes, like other sensing neurons,
這是因為你眼睛里的神經元，與其他感覺神經元一樣，
stop reacting when they get the same stimulus over and over and over again.
反復受到相同的刺激時就會停止反應。
It's kind of like how you get used to smells,
這有點兒像你習慣了氣味，
or stop feeling your shirt on your skin when you're sitting still
或者在靜坐時注意不到襯衫在皮膚上的感覺，
or have no idea that these glasses are always on your face even though they're always there.
或者不清楚眼鏡總在臉上，即使它們一直在那里。
But you don't just see holes, your brain tries to fill in gaps in your visual field by blending with the surrounding scenery.
但你不只能看到小孔，你的大腦還試圖通過與周圍的景物融合來填補你視野中的空白。
So staring into your reflection's eyes can make your chin, ears, and forehead fade, Cheshire Cat-style.
所以盯著鏡子里自己的眼睛會讓你的下巴、耳朵和前額淡出，就像柴郡貓一樣。
But the Troxler effect alone doesn't explain why you see other people in the mirror.
但是單獨的特羅克斯勒效應并不能解釋你在鏡子里看到別人的原因。
Psychologists think that may have more to do with the way we perceive faces.
心理學家認為，這可能與我們認知面孔的方式有關。
Studies like the Thatcher illusion,
在撒切爾視錯覺這樣的研究中，
where researchers flipped the the eyes and mouth on a picture of Margaret Thatcher upside-down to create a horrifying monster,
研究人員將瑪格麗特·撒切爾(Margaret Thatcher)畫像中的眼睛和嘴翻轉過來，創造出一個可怕的怪物，
show that we process the image of a face as a gestalt:
這表明我們處理面部圖像的過程是一個完形：
a whole that's greater than the sum of its parts.
整體大于各個部分的總和。
So when certain features that you know are supposed to be part of a face are wrong or disappear,
所以當你認為本該是臉部一部分的某些特征錯誤或者消失時，
you start to have trouble processing them.
你開始很難處理它們。
Some researchers think that's what's happening when you stare in the mirror for too long.
一些研究人員認為，當你長時間盯著鏡子的時候，就會發生這種情況。
The Troxler effect causes distortion and fading,
特羅克斯勒效應導致扭曲和淡出，
which disrupts the assembly of various facial features into a gestalt,
它將各種面部特征的集合分解成一個完形，
therefore making the face feel more like it belongs to someone, or something else.
因此，你的臉看起來更像是某個人或其他什么人的。
All 50 participants in the 2010 study reported feeling some amount of dissociation from their reflection.
在2010年的研究中，50名參與者全部報告說，他們感覺與自身的鏡像有一定程度的分離。
The way they felt about the things they saw in the mirror depended on what they saw,
他們感知鏡像的方式取決于他們看到的東西，
those that saw a terrible monster were understandably more freaked out than those that saw a rando smiling at them.
那些看到可怕怪物的人比那些看到怪咖對著他們笑的人更害怕，這是可以理解的。
But they all had the sense that the face in the mirror belonged to an "other",
但他們都覺得鏡子里的臉屬于“另一個人”，
a sign that high-level facial processing was being disrupted.
就是面部高級處理過程被打亂的信號了。
Not recognizing your reflection might not seem like that big of a deal,
不認識自己的鏡像似乎沒什么大不了的，
but there's a good reason it freaks people out:
但它有一個讓人恐懼的好理由：
the ability to recognize yourself in a mirror is strongly linked to your development of a sense of self.
在鏡子里識別自己的能力與你的自我意識發展密切相關。
It's something few species can do, and even we humans can't do it until we're about 20 months old.
很少有物種能做到這樣，甚至我們人類直到20個月大時才能做到。
Recognizing your own reflection isn't the only indicator of self-awareness, but it's a pretty important one.
識別自己的鏡像不僅是自我意識的唯一標志，而且還是非常重要的一個。
Researchers think it's part of a series of milestones that lead to developing your sense of self,
研究人員認為，它是一系列里程碑事件中的一件，這些重要事件引起自我意識的發展，
as well as the understanding that other people have their own beliefs and desires.
以及對別人有自己的信仰和欲望的理解。
So looking in the mirror and seeing a face that's not your own might be more than just creepy.
所以照鏡子時看到一張不屬于自己的臉可能不僅僅讓人毛骨悚然。
It might actually cause a bit of an identity crisis for a second there.
它實際上可能還會引發身份認同危機。
What psychologists can't explain is why we see monsters.
心理學家無法解釋的是我們為什么會看到怪物。
Weird, creepy, Bloody Marys? Sure.
它們是奇怪且令人毛骨悚然的血腥瑪麗？是的。
But these ideas don't fully explain why we see non-human faces.
但這些觀點并不能完全解釋我們看到非人類面孔的原因。
It's one of those psychological mysteries that, when solved, could teach us a lot more about how our brains work.
它是一個心理謎團，一旦解開，就能讓我們更多地了解大腦是如何工作的。
So if you're getting chills looking at your reflection,
所以如果你看到自己的鏡像時發冷，
just turn on the lights and maybe don't look quite so long at yourself in the mirror.
就打開燈，別長時間盯著鏡子里的自己了。
It's not actually a monster. Pinky swear.
它實際不是怪物。我和你拉鉤打賭。
Alright, SciShow Psych viewers, I got an EXCITING ANNOUNCEMENT for you!
好了，心理科學秀的觀眾們，我有一個激動人心的消息要告訴你！
Some of the SciShow team and I were talking about a problem that we often have.
一些科學秀團隊成員和我討論一個我們經常遇到的問題。
People will ask us, "what do you want for Christmas or your birthday?"
人們會問我們“你圣誕節或生日要什么禮物？”
and then we feel kind of bad for not having a good answer to that question.
我們沒有好答案，感覺有點兒難過。
But then I was thinking, there are some things that I've gotten for myself
但隨后我就想，有些東西是我自己得到的，
or that I want or that people have gotten for me that I really love!
或者是我想要的，或者是別人給我得我真正喜歡的！
Because it's symbolic of my love of the world,
因為它象征著我對世界的愛，
or lets me do experiments on myself or it lets me learn more about things!
或者它促使我自己做實驗，或者它讓我了解更多的東西！
So we have put together a collection of artifacts of this universe …
所以我們收集了一些宇宙的人工制品...
we got a limited number of each of these things,
它們數量有限，
and we have put them up at a store called SciShow Finds.
我們將它們陳列一個叫做SciShow find的商店里。
These SciShow Finds are curated by me, they are things that I would love to get in my stocking.
這些SciShow Finds是由我策劃的，它們是我樂意放進襪子里的東西。
We're going to continue adding new finds as we find them throughout the year,
我們將全年搜尋，繼續增加新的發現物，
and the new ones will replace these old ones,
并用新貨代替舊貨，
so all of these products are only around for a limited time.
所以這些產品的貨架時間有限。
You're bound to have friends or family who would love these Mars Socks,
你一定有朋友或家人喜歡這些火星襪子，
trilobite fossils, or this Space Shuttle lapel pin.
三葉蟲化石或者航天飛機的翻領夾。
And, if not, maybe you want to get them for yourself
如果沒有的話，你可能想為自己買，
or just shoot that link over to anyone who asks you what you want for Christmas and say,
或者把鏈接發送給任何問你圣誕節想要什么的人，并說，
"You know, anything from this site would be really cool.
“你知道的，這個網站的東西很酷。
Mom was probably going to get you socks anyway, now she's gonna get you some socks you're really gonna like.
媽媽可能會給你買襪子，現在她會給你買你一定喜歡的襪子。
And know that when you buy from SciShowFinds.com,
當你從SciShowFinds.com購物時，
or you send that link to somebody, you're also supporting SciShow.
或者把鏈接發給別人時，你就是在支持科學秀欄目。
So, thanks for doing that. And thanks for watching because that's another way to support us.
所以感謝您這樣做，感謝您的收看，因為這是支持我們的另一種方式。
