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You've probably been there.
你可能有過這樣的感覺。
You're sitting on the bus or the subway,
你正坐在公共汽車或地鐵上，
and across from you are two people you're pretty sure are siblings because, y'know, they look really similar.
你相當肯定對面坐著的是兄弟姐妹，因為，你知道的，他們看起來真的很像。
And then they start making out. So … not siblings. Hopefully.
然后他們開始證明。結果他們不是兄弟姐妹，雖然你希望如此。
As strange as it sounds, multiple studies have shown that we find people who look like us more attractive.
盡管聽起來很奇怪，但多項研究表明，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)長得像我們的人更有吸引力。
And it might be because, like the rest of animal kingdom, we're just trying to pass along our genes.
這可能是因為，我們與其他動物王國一樣，只是試著傳遞我們的基因。
People often choose partners that are similar to them in everything from personality to age to education level.
人們經(jīng)常選擇與自己性格、年齡、教育程度等各方面相似的伴侶。
Which isn't too surprising.
這不太令人吃驚。
These are all examples of assortative mating:
這些都是選擇性交配的例子：
our tendency to select our life partners with an eye for certain traits and characteristics.
我們傾向于留意某些特定特征或特點，以此來選擇生活伴侶。
Liking someone with the same interests and experiences makes sense,
喜歡有相同興趣和經(jīng)歷的人是有道理的，
but research suggests we prefer people who look like us, too.
但研究表明，我們更喜歡長得像我們的人。
For example, one study published in 2013 in PLOS One showed that
例如，2013年發(fā)表在《公共科學圖書館·綜合》(PLOS One)上的一項研究證明
subjects found their partner's face more attractive after it was digitally mixed with their own.
受試者發(fā)現(xiàn)他們伴侶的臉與自己的臉進行數(shù)字合成后更有吸引力。
Twenty heterosexual couples were asked to look at photos of seven versions of their partner's face.
20對異性戀情侶被要求看七個版本的伴侶面部照片。
Each version was blended with another face, some male, some female, some average-looking, and some really attractive.
每個版本都是與另一張臉的合成，有男性的、女性的、相貌平平的還有一些非常有魅力的。
Most importantly, one of the versions mixed the partner's face with the subject's face,
最重要的是，其中一個版本將伴侶的臉與受試者的臉合成了，
although the subject didn't know it.
雖然受試者不知道。
And as a control, one of the versions combined mirrored versions of the partner's face
作為對照組，其中一個版本結合了伴侶的鏡像版本，
so, it was all the same person, but the image looked digitally altered just like the rest of them and didn't stand out.
所以它是由同一個人合成的，但看上去和其他照片一樣經(jīng)過了數(shù)碼處理，并不引人注目。
When the subjects were asked to rank the photos from most to least attractive,
當受試者被要求對照片按從最吸引人到最不吸引人的順序排號時，
they liked the version that was blended with their own face the most.
他們最喜歡與自己的臉合成的版本。
They liked it even more than the control, which was made up of just their partner's face.
他們對它的喜歡甚至超過了對照組，后者是由伴侶自己的臉合成的。
It might seem weird to want to date someone who looks like you.
想和一個長得像你的人約會，這似乎有點兒奇怪。
Sure, we tend to prefer things that we've seen before, and there's nothing more familiar than the person in the mirror.
當然，我們更喜歡以前見過的東西，沒有什么比鏡子里的自己更熟悉的了。
Even so, incest is kind of a bad thing.
即便如此，亂倫也是件壞事。
Just ask the royal families of Europe or the Targaryens.
問問歐洲皇室或者坦格利安家族就知道了。
So you'd think we'd have evolved to not be attracted to people who look like us.
所以你會認為我們已經(jīng)進化到不會被長得像我們的人所吸引的程度。
But some research suggests that we're attracted to people who look like us
但一些研究表明，我們會被長得像我們的人所吸引，
because we are actually looking for some genetic similarity in our partners.
因為我們實際上是在伴侶身上尋找基因相似性。
A 2014 study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
2014年發(fā)表在《美國國家科學院院刊》(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)雜志上的一項研究
compared the genetic data for 862 older, married couples,
比較了862對老年夫婦的基因數(shù)據(jù)，
and found that the married couples were more genetically similar than random, non-married pairs.
結果發(fā)現(xiàn)，已婚夫婦與隨機未婚夫婦相比，他們的基因更相似。
In fact, the more genetically similar two of the subjects were, the more likely they were to be married.
事實上，受試者的基因越相似，他們越有可能結婚。
Now, that definitely doesn't mean having similar genes automatically means you're going to get married.
當然，這并不意味著擁有相似的基因就意味著你要結婚了。
But the fact that scientists saw that relationship is still pretty strange.
但科學家們發(fā)現(xiàn)這種關系的事實仍然很奇怪。
There seems to be a happy medium when it comes to genetics, though.
不過，遺傳學方面似乎存在一種快樂的媒介。
You might find someone especially attractive when they have some genetic similarity, but not too much.
當某個人與你有一些基因相似性時，你可能會覺得他特別有魅力，但這種相似性不要太多。
In that study I mentioned earlier, where subjects rated different pictures of their partners,
在我之前提到的那個研究中，不僅受試者對他們伴侶的不同照片進行了評分，
the researchers also did a second experiment.
研究人員還做了第二個實驗。
They digitally combined different amounts of the subject's face with their partner's face,
他們用數(shù)字技術將受試者不同面積的面部與他們伴侶的面部結合起來，
and they found that adding too much or too little of the subject's face
結果發(fā)現(xiàn)受試者的面部面積增加太多或太少
made that version of their partner seem less attractive.
都會讓他們的伴侶看起來魅力減少。
It was that middle amount of similarity, about 22%, that made their partner appear more attractive than normal.
正是這種中間的相似度（約22%）讓他們的伴侶看起來比平常更有吸引力。
Research in both animal and human populations has found that
動物和人類的研究都發(fā)現(xiàn)
picking a partner with some genetic similarity is related to more stable partnerships,
選擇具有某些遺傳相似性的伴侶與更穩(wěn)定的伴侶關系、
more children, and greater altruism among family members.
更多的孩子和家庭成員之間更好的利他主義相關。
Evolutionary theory says we're always trying to pass along our genes by raising our kids
進化論認為我們總是試著通過養(yǎng)育孩子來傳遞我們的基因，
until they're old enough to start their own families,
直到他們長大成家，
and a partner that shares more of your genes has extra motivation to do that, too.
一個與你基因相似度更多的伴侶有更多的動力去這么做。
Plus, partners with similar genetics often share other characteristics, like personality,
而且，有相似基因的伴侶通常會共享其他特征，比如性格，
which can make for a more stable relationship.
這有助于形成更穩(wěn)定的關系。
So from an evolutionary standpoint, it makes some sense to select a partner who looks like you.
所以從進化的角度來看，選擇一個長得像你的伴侶是有道理的。
But we've also learned that too much similarity
但我們也知道了太多的相似之處
can increase our odds of passing along dangerous recessive traits or other developmental problems.
會增加我們遺傳危險隱性性狀或其他發(fā)育問題的幾率。
Plus it's just plain creepy.
再說，這太恐怖了。
So for a safe, genetically-similar, non-creepy middle ground, we find people who look like us.
因此，為了尋找一個安全、基因相似、不恐怖的中間地帶，我們會找長得像我們的人。
This doesn't mean you have to pick a partner who looks like you, obviously.
顯然，這并不意味著你必須選擇一個長得像你的伴侶。
Those other traits we select for, like personality and educational level,
我們挑選的其他特征，比如人格和教育水平，
are usually more important for stable relationships than whether or not you get confused for cousins all the time.
對穩(wěn)定的感情關系而言，通常比你一直對表親的困惑更重要。
Physical similarity just seems to be another factor we consider before deciding to swipe right on Tinder,
生理的相似性似乎是我們決定在Tinder（交友軟件）上向右滑動前考慮的另一個因素，
and it's probably not the most important one. So don't be too weirded out.
而且它可能不是最重要的。所以不要太奇怪。
We'll let the Targaryens keep on keeping on, and the rest of us can get back to our normal lives.
我們會讓坦格利安人繼續(xù)這樣下去，我們其他人可以回到正常的生活中。
Thanks for watching this episode of SciShow Psych, brought to you by our patrons on Patreon!
感謝您收看本期的心理科學秀，它是由Patreon贊助播出的！
If you'd like to help us keep researching weird questions like this one,
如果你想幫助我們繼續(xù)研究一些奇怪的問題，比如這個，
you can head over to patron.com/scishow.
你可以登錄patron.com/scishow.
And don't forget to go to youtube.com/scishowpsych and subscribe!
不要忘了登錄youtube.com/scishowpsych點擊訂閱哦！
