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The youngest man in 50 years to take charge of the USSR in fifty years, Gorbachev moved quickly to stabilize the Soviet state.
是50年來管理蘇聯的最年輕的了，戈爾巴喬夫快速行動，穩定蘇維埃政權
One of Gorbachev's two major initiatives was perestroika, or "restructuring" of the long-stagnant economy.
他的兩項主要行動之一是經濟與政治體制改革，即對長期停滯的經濟進行重組
His second initiative was glasnost, or openness in discussing and addressing political issues.
他的第二項行動是政策開放即在討論和解決政治問題上的開放性
But the entire Communist system had been abused by corrupt bureaucrats for so long that mere legislation and mere public relations could not help.
但是整個共產主義系統已經遭到腐敗的官僚作風侵蝕太久，僅僅靠立法和公共關系是無濟于事的
Gorbachev promoted a group of reformers who would support his initiatives,
戈爾巴喬夫提拔了一群支持他的倡議的改革者
including the new Communist Party boss of Moscow, a Siberian dude by the name of Boris Yeltsin.
包括新的莫斯科共產黨的首領，一個有著西伯利亞名字的人，鮑里斯·葉利欽
Some Gorbachev's early efforts succeeded; for instance, he successfully extracted Soviet troops out of Afghanistan in 1989.
他早期的一些努力都獲得了成功；例如，他在1989年成功地將軍隊撤出了阿富汗
On the other, Gorbachev handled the Chernobyl nuclear disaster of 1986 in the time-honored Soviet way: denial followed by lies.
然而另一方面，戈爾巴喬夫解決1986年切諾貝利和泄漏事故的手段卻是沿襲了一直以來的蘇維埃方式，矢口否認，謊言百出
As Gorbachev became more aware of just how shaky the USSR was,
隨著戈爾巴喬夫越來越清醒地認識到蘇聯政權的搖搖欲墜
he introduced even more democratic reforms, including, in 1989, the Soviet Union's first "free" elections ever.
他引入了更為民主的改革，包括1989年蘇聯的第一次所謂的“自由”選舉
