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So I didn't have access to that information because the social networks around me didn't have access to that information.
我之前不了解這方面的信息，是因為我周圍的圈子都不知道這些信息。
I learned from my community how to shoot a gun, how to shoot it well.
我從社區學到的是如何開槍，如何打得準。
I learned how to make a damn good biscuit recipe.
我學到的是如何做好吃的餅干。
The trick, by the way, is frozen butter, not warm butter. But I didn't learn how to get ahead.
順便提一句，訣竅就是用冰凍的黃油，不要用加熱的。但我不知道如何出人頭地。
I didn't learn how to make the good decisions about education and opportunity that you need to make
不知道在關鍵時刻如何抉擇，比如選擇大學，面臨機遇，怎樣才能做出對的選擇，
to actually have a chance in this 21st century knowledge economy.
從而在21世紀這個知識經濟時代贏得一席之地。
Economists call the value that we gain from our informal networks, from our friends and colleagues and family "social capital."
經濟學家將我們從人脈圈子中獲取的價值，比如朋友、同事和家人，叫做“社會資本”。
The social capital that I had wasn't built for 21st century America, and it showed.
而我過去的社會資本根本不適用于21世紀的美國，事實也證明了這一點。
There's something else that's really important that's going on that our community doesn't like to talk about, but it's very real.
還有一些非常重要的事情我們的社區不愿意談起，但它們又真實存在。
Working-class kids are much more likely to face what's called adverse childhood experiences, which is just a fancy word for childhood trauma:
工人階級的孩子更多的要面臨所謂的“不利的童年經歷”，其實這就是對童年創傷一種比較委婉的說法：
getting hit or yelled at, put down by a parent repeatedly, watching someone hit or beat your parent, watching someone do drugs or abuse alcohol.
被家長不停打罵和懲罰，目睹他人毆打自己的父母，目睹別人吸毒或者酗酒。
These are all instances of childhood trauma, and they're pretty commonplace in my family.
這都是童年創傷的例子，在我家這些現象很常見。
Importantly, they're not just commonplace in my family right now. They're also multigenerational.
重要的是，這種情況不是現在才有。而是延續了好幾代人。
So my grandparents, the very first time that they had kids,
我的外公外婆，在他們剛有了孩子的時候，
they expected that they were going to raise them in a way that was uniquely good.
他們原本也期望用好的方法將孩子養育成人。
They were middle class, they were able to earn a good wage in a steel mill.
他們曾屬于中產階級，在煉鋼廠有不錯的薪水。
But what ended up happening is that they exposed their kids to a lot of the childhood trauma that had gone back many generations.
但結果卻是，他們給孩子們帶來了許多童年創傷，跟早幾代人的處境沒什么區別。
My mom was 12 when she saw my grandma set my grandfather on fire.
我母親12歲那年，看見我外婆在我外公身上點火。
His crime was that he came home drunk after she told him, "If you come home drunk, I'm gonna kill you."
就因為他喝得醉醺醺地回家，而外婆事先警告過他，“如果你喝醉酒回家，我就要殺了你。”
And she tried to do it. Think about the way that that affects a child's mind.
結果，她真的試著這么做了。想想這樣的事會對孩子的心靈產生怎樣的影響。
