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There's no reliable blood or tissue test, partly because gluten sensitivity isn't a single disease,
現今沒有可靠的血液測試或組織測試來確診，部分原因是麩質敏感不是單一疾病，
and has a number of different possible causes.
而可能由一系列不同原因引起。
For example, it may be the case that gluten can activate the immune system in the small intestine,
譬如，起因可能是麩質可以啟動小腸內的免疫系統，
or cause it to become leaky.
或者讓小腸變得瀉漏。
But sometimes, people claiming gluten sensitivity are actually sensitive not to wheat proteins,
但偶而一些人說自己麩質過敏，其實并非對小麥蛋白過敏，
but sugars found in wheat and other foods, called fructans.
而是對小麥和其他食物內的糖分過敏，這種糖叫果聚醣。
The human intestine can't break down or absorb fructans, so they make their way to the large intestine or colon,
人體腸道無法消化或吸收果聚醣，因此果聚醣會到大腸或結腸，
where they're fermented by bacteria, producing short-chain fatty acids and gases.
然后與那里的細菌發酵，產生短鏈脂肪酸和氣體。
This leads to unpleasant symptoms in some people with bowel problems.
這給一些人帶來不快的腸道癥狀問題。
Another possible explanation behind gluten sensitivity is the nocebo effect.
另一種說法是以為有害的反安慰劑效應引起敏感。
This occurs when a person believes something will cause problems, and because of that belief, it does.
即一個人相信自己對某些東西敏感時，會出現敏感癥狀，正是這種想法讓敏感癥狀出現。
It's the opposite of the more well-known and much more fortuitous placebo effect.
上述效應和更廣為人知、更偶發，以為有利的安慰劑反應剛好相反。
Given how much bad press gluten is getting in the media,
由于麩質的媒體形象日益低下，這種情況下，
the nocebo response may play a role for some people who think they're sensitive to gluten.
反安慰劑反應也許影響到那些覺得自己對麩質敏感的人。
For all these reasons,
上述種種原因，
it's clear that the problems people develop when they eat wheat and other grains aren't exclusively due to gluten.
清楚顯示人們食用小麥等谷物時遇到的種種問題，不能完全歸咎于麩質。
So a better name than non-celiac gluten sensitivity might be wheat intolerance.
給非乳糜瀉麩質敏感更恰當的名字，可能是小麥不耐癥。
