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美國學(xué)生人類歷史(MP3+中英字幕)第141期:封建制度(4)

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He looked after the dikes so that the countryside should not be flooded (just as the first noblemen had done in the valley of the Nile four thousand years before). He encouraged the Troubadours who wandered from place to place telling the stories of the ancient heroes who had fought in the great wars of the migrations. Besides, he protected the churches and the monasteries within his territory, and although he could neither read nor write, (it was considered unmanly to know such things,) he employed a number of priests who kept his accounts and who registered the marriages and the births and the deaths which occurred within the baronial or ducal domains.

他還擔(dān)當(dāng)著照看水壩的職責(zé),以免四周的鄉(xiāng)野受洪水之患(就像4000年前的埃及法老在尼羅河谷的所作所為)。他贊助走村串戶的行吟詩人,讓他們向目不識(shí)丁的居民們朗誦贊美大遷徙時(shí)代的戰(zhàn)爭英雄的史詩。另外,他還必須保護(hù)轄區(qū)內(nèi)的教堂與修道院。盡管他自己不會(huì)讀書寫字(當(dāng)時(shí)這類事情被認(rèn)為是缺乏男子氣),他卻雇傭著一小撮教士為他記帳,并登記發(fā)生在所屬男爵或公爵領(lǐng)地里的婚姻、死亡、出生等等大事。
In the fifteenth century the kings once more became strong enough to exercise those powers which belonged to them because they were "anointed of God." Then the feudal knights lost their former independence. Reduced to the rank of country squires, they no longer filled a need and soon they became a nuisance. But Europe would have perished without the "feudal system" of the dark ages. There were many bad knights as there are many bad people to-day. But generally speaking, the rough-fisted barons of the twelfth and thirteenth century were hard-working administrators who rendered a most useful service to the cause of progress. During that era the noble torch of learning and art which had illuminated the world of the Egyptians and the Greeks and the Romans was burning very low. Without the knights and their good friends, the monks, civilisation would have been extinguished entirely, and the human race would have been forced to begin once more where the cave-man had left off.
到公元15世紀(jì),國王們又重新強(qiáng)大起來,能夠充分行使他們作為"上帝恩許"之人所應(yīng)擁有的權(quán)力。這樣,封建騎士們喪失了原來的獨(dú)立王國,淪為普通鄉(xiāng)紳。他們不再適臺(tái)時(shí)勢(shì)的需要,很快變成令人討厭的怪物。但是我想為他們說句公道話,如果沒有"封建制度",歐洲不可能安然度過那個(gè)黑暗年代。當(dāng)然,如同今天存在許許多多的壞人一樣,那個(gè)時(shí)代也同樣有許多行為不端的騎士。但總的來講,十二、十三世紀(jì)的硬拳頭男爵們大多數(shù)是些刻苦耐勞、工作勤奮的行政管理者,為歷史的進(jìn)步事業(yè)做出過極有價(jià)值的貢獻(xiàn)。在那個(gè)年代,曾經(jīng)照亮埃及人、希臘人、羅馬人的文化與藝術(shù)的火炬,它的光芒已異常微弱,差點(diǎn)就要熄滅。如果沒有騎士及他的好朋友僧侶,歐洲文明將整體滅絕,而歐洲人也會(huì)回到原始的穴居時(shí)代,把歷史的進(jìn)程從茹毛飲血開始,重新走上一遍。

重點(diǎn)單詞   查看全部解釋    
independence [.indi'pendəns]

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n. 獨(dú)立,自主,自立

 
rank [ræŋk]

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n. 等級(jí),階層,排,列
v. 分等級(jí),排列,

 
territory ['teritəri]

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n. 領(lǐng)土,版圖,領(lǐng)域,范圍

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