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Empires come and go in China
中國總是在改朝換代
And in 1368, Han locals swept aside the Mongols to establish the Ming Dynasty
1368年，漢族人趕走蒙古人，建立了明朝
When the dynasty's founder died, a civil war ended with his fourth son Zhu Di
明朝的建立者朱元璋去世之后，內戰展開，最后由其四子朱棣結束
usurping the throne from his nephew, ruling from 1402 as Emperor Yongle
篡奪朱元璋外甥的皇位，1402年開始執政，號永樂皇帝
At that time the Ming capitol was in Nanjing
當時明朝的都城在南京
Yongle had been Prince of Yuan at Dadu and was soon making plans to relocate the capitol to his northern power base
永樂帝曾在大都任元朝的燕王而且很快就計劃遷都到北方的權力中心
Yongle desperately needed to legitimate his rein, which is probably why he lavished so much of China's capitol on the Forbidden City
永樂帝迫切地想要證明其統治的合法性，也許這也就是為什么他那么大肆鋪張地把錢花在建造紫禁城上
In addition to commissioning a fleet of giant junks that cruised the Indian Ocean to the shores of West Africa
除了派遣一支由巨輪組成的艦隊遠洋至印度洋以及西非海岸，
and building much of the Great Wall, Yongle also added the Outer City to Beijing
和建造了長城的大部分之外，永樂帝還修建了北京的外城
And you can see here there's a kind of hill at the back of the Forbidden City
你們還能看到，這有一座小山在紫禁城的后面，
where they excavated the soil out of the big moat and put that artificial hill there, which is the back support of the Forbidden City
他們挖出了一條護城河然后用挖出的土堆出了一座人造的小山，作為紫禁城的支持
These are just some more views, you can get a sense of how the city sits in relation to this is the north-south axis here
這些只是更多的一些觀點，你能有一個感覺就是這個城市，這個處在南北軸心的城市
to the surrounding hills. The hills are fairly close
和周圍山群的關系。山群離城市很近
