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356. Buchanan elected President, 1856.
356．布坎南當(dāng)選為總統(tǒng)（1856年）
The Whigs and the Know-Nothings nominated Millard Fillmore for President and said nothing about slavery. The Democrats nominated James Buchanan of Pennsylvania for President and John C. Breckinridge of Kentucky for Vice-President. They declared their approval of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and favored a strict construction of the Constitution. The Republicans nominated John C. Frémont. They protested against the extension of slavery and declared for a policy of internal improvements at the expense of the nation. The Democrats won; but the Republicans carried all the Northern states save four.
輝格黨和美國本土黨提名米勒德·菲爾莫爾為總統(tǒng)，并避而不談奴隸制；民主黨提名來自賓夕法尼亞州的詹姆斯·布坎南為總統(tǒng)，并提名肯塔基州的約翰·C·布萊克里奇為副總統(tǒng)，他們宣稱支持《堪薩斯-內(nèi)布拉斯加法案》，并支持對憲法做出一個嚴(yán)格的完善；共和黨提名約翰·C·佛里蒙特為總統(tǒng)，他們反對奴隸制的擴張，并提出一個以國家開支來提升國內(nèi)發(fā)展的政策。民主黨最終獲勝，但北方除了四個州以外都支持共和黨。
357. The Dred Scott Decision, 1857.
357．對德萊德·斯科特的判決（1847年）
The Supreme Court of the United States now gave a decision in the Dred Scott case that put an end to all hope of compromise on the slavery question. Dred Scott had been born a slave. The majority of the judges declared that a person once a slave could never become a citizen of the United States and bring suit in the United States courts. They also declared that the Missouri Compromise was unlawful. Slave owners had a clear right to carry their property, including slaves, into the territories, and Congress could not stop them.
這時候，美國最高法院在德萊德·斯科特案子中給出一個判決，這個判決破滅了折中奴隸制問題的所有希望。德萊德o斯科特生來就是一個奴隸，大多數(shù)法官稱，一旦一個人成為奴隸他就永遠不可能變成美國的公民，也永遠不能在美國的法庭上起訴；他們還宣稱《密蘇里折中案》不合法，奴隸主毋庸置疑的權(quán)力將他們的財產(chǎn)（包括奴隸）帶到各地，國會不可以阻止他們。
