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Britain
英國
Mental Health: Out of the shadows
心理疾病：走出陰影
Mental illness is at last getting the attention, if not the money it needs.
即便不是急需的財政援助，心理疾病至少爭取到了它所該有的關(guān)注。
Mental health care has long been the poor relation of its physical counterpart.
心理健康醫(yī)療一直以來都和其相對應(yīng)的生理健康醫(yī)療相比之下處于劣勢。
The stigma of mental illness remains heavy.
人們嚴(yán)重保持對心理疾病的羞恥態(tài)度。
One in six adults in England has been diagnosed with a common mental disorder such as depression or anxiety.
在英國，每六個成人里面就有一個已經(jīng)被診斷出患有常見的心理疾病如抑郁癥或焦慮癥。
Yet at least two-thirds of people diagnosed receive no treatment for their condition.
然而至少三分之二確診的人沒有針對自己的問題接受治療。
In 2012 the Health and Social Care Act created a legal responsibility for the government to give the same priority to mental health as it gives to physical health.
在2012年，《健康和社會照顧法》規(guī)定了一個法律義務(wù)，那就是政府應(yīng)當(dāng)把心理健康和生理健康視為同樣重要的事情。
Now the prime minister, Theresa May, has added her voice.
現(xiàn)在首相特蕾莎·梅對此發(fā)表了講話。
In a speech on January 9th Mrs May warned that mental health had been “dangerously disregarded”.
在一月九號的一次演講上，梅女士強調(diào)心理健康一直以來極其地不被重視。
She promised to transform attitudes to mental illness, including a special focus on children and young people. (Government figures show that three-quarters of mental-health problems start before the age of 18.)
她承諾會轉(zhuǎn)變對待心理疾病的態(tài)度，包括對兒童和年輕人的特別關(guān)注。（政府的調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)顯示四分之三的心理健康問題在18歲以前就開始了。）
This will include teachers in every school being offered mental health first-aid training, and better support in the workplace.
這種轉(zhuǎn)變包括每所學(xué)校的老師接受心理健康問題的急救訓(xùn)練以及在工作崗位上得到更好的支持。
According to the Centre for Mental Health, a think-tank, the consequences of mental illness cost the British economy more than ￡100bn ($120bn) a year in health care and lost economic output from sickness or unemployment.
據(jù)心理健康中心的一個智囊團分析，心理疾病產(chǎn)生的后果就是給英國的經(jīng)濟帶來每年超過1000億歐元（相當(dāng)于1200億美元）的損失，那就是在心理保健以及因為疾病或失業(yè)導(dǎo)致的經(jīng)濟損失方面。
But the system is structured badly, with physical and mental care run and funded separately.
但是，整個系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)置極其地不合理——生理和心理保健分開運營以及資助。
This means treatment is not integrated and money wasted.
這意味著治療不完整還會導(dǎo)致資金浪費。
Funding is a problem, too.
資金也是一個問題。
Though mental illness represents 28% of the national disease burden in Britain, it accounts for only 13% of spending by the National Health Service (NHS).
雖然心理疾病占了英國國家疾病負(fù)擔(dān)的28%，它只占了國家健康服務(wù)支出（簡稱NHS）的13%。
In 2011-12, for the first time in a decade, funding for mental health fell, says the King’s Fund, another think-tank.
在2011年到2012年間，十年里面首次，國家給心理健康的資金投入降低了，另外一個智囊團———國王基金說到。
Even though the NHS mandated that such funding should increase in 2015-16 alongside increases for acute care, about 40% of mental-health trusts continue to experience year-on-year cuts to their budgets.
即使NHS批準(zhǔn)了心理健康資金投入在2015年到2016年和急診的治療資金一樣應(yīng)該提升，但還是有將近40%的心理疾病基金持續(xù)經(jīng)歷每年預(yù)算的裁剪。
Since government money for mental illness is not ring-fenced, it is often used to plug gaps in funding for emergency hospital care or other areas.
由于政府財政對心理疾病的支出存在漏洞，這部分資金在過去就常常用來填補醫(yī)院急診或其他領(lǐng)域的空缺。
Mrs May spoke of the need for better accountability.
梅女士提到了對更多支出比例的需要。
But “investment in mental health has been difficult to maintain when pressures on acute hospital care are so great,” says Helen Gilburt of the King’s Fund.
但是國王基金的海倫吉爾伯特說到，當(dāng)醫(yī)院急診的壓力巨大時國家對心理健康醫(yī)療的投資一直以來都很難保持。
Those pressures have become even more evident in recent days.
那些壓力在最近尤為明顯。
On January 7th the Red Cross claimed there was a “humanitarian crisis” in Britain’s hospitals.
在1月7號，紅十字會稱在英國的醫(yī)院里面有一種人道主義危機。
The NHS’s medical director for acute care denied this but admitted that staff were under “a level of pressure we haven’t seen before”.
NHS的急救藥物主管否認(rèn)此事但是承認(rèn)了員工正承受著“前所未有”的壓力。
According to leaked documents seen by the BBC, nearly a quarter of patients waited longer than four hours in accident and emergency (A&E) rooms in the first week of this year.
根據(jù)BBC目睹的泄露文件，將近四分之一的病人今年第一周在緊急意外室等候超過4小時。
One in five patients admitted for further treatment endured a long wait on a trolley or in a hospital corridor—twice the rate normally seen.
5個病人中就有一個接受進一步治療的需要在醫(yī)院的手推車或走廊上忍受一段很長時間的等待，而這是平常的速度的兩倍。
With not enough mental-health care provided in the community, recent research has found that the number of people with mental illness coming to A&E doubled between 2011-12 and 2015-16.
由于在社區(qū)沒有提供足夠的心理治療，最近的調(diào)查顯示有心理疾病來急診的數(shù)量比2011－2012年到2015-2016年間翻了一倍。
The fact that the prime minister herself has chosen to highlight the issue marks an important step, says Graham Thornicroft of King’s College London.
首相自己選擇強調(diào)這一問題是向前邁出了重要的一步，倫敦皇家學(xué)院的格蘭漢史魯尼科洛福特說到。
Talking about mental health used to be seen as a vote loser.
談到心理疾病在過去會被視為競選的失敗者。
Now, he says, not only are more celebrities unafraid to talk openly about their mental illness, but it appears to have entered the mainstream as a political issue.
而現(xiàn)在，他說，不僅越來越多的名人不再害怕公開談?wù)撟约旱男睦锛膊?，而且這也成了主要的政治問題之一。
“We now need to see if this policy priority is backed up by substantial extra resources to make sure these aspirations become reality,” he adds.
“我們現(xiàn)在需要確保這種政治優(yōu)勢是否有足夠的額外資源的支撐來保證這些愿望成為現(xiàn)實。”他補充到。
On that front, Mrs May is implementing a pledge made last year by her predecessor, David Cameron, to spend ￡1bn on adult mental health and ￡1.4bn on youth mental health during this parliament.
在這方面，現(xiàn)任首相政府也正在實現(xiàn)上任首相卡梅倫政府的相關(guān)承諾，即在成人心理健康方面投入10億英鎊并在青少年心理健康方面投入14億英鎊。
That money is being spent on both acute mental health care, such as specialists at every A&E unit, and on community care.
這些錢正被用在心理急救門診，例如每個意外急救門診的專家以及社區(qū)醫(yī)療上面。
New rules limit how long a patient with acute mental illness should wait, just like the four-hour limits for physical maladies in A&E.
新的規(guī)定限制每個心理疾病患者急診需要等待的時長，正如在意外急診部門的外傷4小時限制。
But this week’s announcements added up to additional funding of only ￡15m for community care, and ￡67m for digital services like online therapy—small beer considering the scale of the problems and of the prime minister’s avowed ambitions.
但是這周的通告增加了1500萬歐元社區(qū)醫(yī)療的額外資金以及6700萬的電子服務(wù)例如在線治療—考慮到問題的規(guī)模以及首相公開宣布的目標(biāo)。
Demand is growing.
需求正在增長。
The NHS found that the proportion of people with anxiety and depression receiving treatment increased from 24% in 2007 to 37% in 2014.
NHS發(fā)現(xiàn)從2007年到2014年間，接受治療的焦慮癥以及抑郁癥患者的比例由24%增至37%。
This may show that people are feeling confident enough to seek help as the stigma of mental illness decreases, says Mr Thornicroft.
史魯尼科洛福特先生說這表明了隨著對心理疾病的羞恥感不斷減少人們越來越有自信去尋找?guī)椭?/div>
But the NHS also found that the proportion of the population reporting self-harm trebled between 2000 and 2014, to 6%, including one in five 16- to 24-year-old women.
但是NHS同時發(fā)現(xiàn)從2000年到2014年間自殘的比例翻了三倍至6%，其中的五分之一是16-24歲女性。
With such a tide, money to match the great promises for mental health cannot come soon enough.
按照這樣的趨勢，應(yīng)對這樣巨大的承諾所要的資金很難馬上到位。
譯文來源考研英語時事閱讀
