評論
打印
What are the characteristics we can control for?
我們能夠控制那些特征？
Well I'm going to match families on country of birth and residence,
我考慮的匹配包括出生地和居住地，
the demographics -- what sex, their age -- their income level within their own country,
人口信息--性別、年齡--相對居住國的收入水平，
their educational achievement, a lot about their family structure.
受教育程度，以及家庭成員結構。
It turns out there are six different ways to be married in Europe.
我發現在歐洲就有六種不同的婚姻組合方式。
And most granularly, I break them down by religion
最精細的分類方法是按照宗教信仰進行分類
where there are 72 categories of religions in the world -- so an extreme level of granularity.
將全球分成了72個不同的宗教團體--非常精細的分類了。
There are 1.4 billion different ways that a family can find itself.
14億家庭每個家庭都有獨特性。
Now effectively everything I'm going to tell you from now on is only comparing these basically nearly identical families.
現在我要說的比較，都是在這些各個方面近似一致的家庭之間進行的。
It's getting as close as possible to the thought experiment of finding two families both of whom live in Brussels
讓我們假設這個實驗找到了布魯塞爾的兩個家庭，
who are identical on every single one of these dimensions,
在別的每個方面都很相似，
but one of whom speaks Flemish and one of whom speaks French;
但是一個家庭說佛蘭芒語另一個家庭說法語；
or two families that live in a rural district in Nigeria, one of whom speaks Hausa and one of whom speaks Igbo.
或是兩個住在尼日利亞農村的家庭，一個說豪薩語另一戶說伊博語。
Now even after all of this granular level of control, do futureless language speakers seem to save more?
現在在這么精細的控制水平下，語言的時態特點是否還會影響到儲蓄習慣？
Yes, futureless language speakers, even after this level of control,
是的，語言中沒有區分將來時態的人，
are 30 percent more likely to report having saved in any given year.
在任何給定年份中儲蓄的比例都要高30%。
Does this have cumulative effects?
這種差異是否有累積效應？
Yes, by the time they retire, futureless language speakers, holding constant their income,
是的，當他們退休的時候，語言中沒有區分將來時態的人，
are going to retire with 25 percent more in savings.
在收入穩定不變的情況下，要多25%的儲蓄。
Can we push this data even further?
我們能夠得到更多的結論么？
Yes, because I just told you, we actually collect a lot of health data as economists.
正如我告訴你的，我們出于經濟研究目的收集了很多的醫療健康數據。
