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Chapter 31
第31章
Beginning of the antislavery agitation
反奴隸制運動的開始
323. Growth of Slavery in the South.
323．奴隸制在南方的發(fā)展
South of Pennsylvania and of the Ohio River slavery had increased greatly since 1787. Washington, Jefferson, Henry, and other great Virginians were opposed to the slave system. But they could find no way to end it, even in Virginia. The South Carolinians and Georgians fought every proposition to limit slavery. They even refused to come into the Union unless they were given representation in Congress for a portion at least of their slaves. And in the first Congress under the Constitution they opposed bitterly every proposal to limit slavery. Then came Whitney's invention of the cotton gin. That at once made slave labor vastly more profitable in the cotton states and put an end to all hopes of peaceful emancipation in the South.
自1787年以來，奴隸制在賓夕法尼亞州和俄亥俄河以南得到很大發(fā)展，華盛頓、杰斐遜、亨利等弗吉尼亞人都反對奴隸制度，但是，他們沒有辦法結束奴隸制，即使對弗吉尼亞的奴隸制也是如此。南卡羅萊納人和佐治亞人一直在反對所有關于限制奴隸制的提案，他們甚至要求給予他們的國會代表席位中至少有一部分是給奴隸的，如其不然，他們將拒絕加入聯(lián)邦。并且，在按照憲法召開的第一次國會上他們強烈反對所有議案以限制奴隸制。后來，有了惠特尼發(fā)明的軋棉機，這立刻使得奴隸勞動力在產棉花的各州中產生更多的利益，并破滅了所有在南方和平釋放奴隸的希望。
324. Rise of the Abolitionists.
324．廢奴主義者的產生
About 1830 a new movement in favor of the negroes began. Some persons in the North, as, for example, William Ellery Channing, proposed that slaves should be set free, and their owners paid for their loss. They suggested that the money received from the sale of the public lands might be used in this way.
大約在1830年，一場支持黑人的新運動開始了，有的北方人（如威廉o艾麗瑞o錢寧）提出應該釋放奴隸，并且由他們的主人賠償奴隸的損失；他們提出出售國家土地得來的錢可以用于償付這個損失，
