獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的句法功能

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中一般作狀語，表示時(shí)間、條件、原因、伴隨狀況等，還可以作定語。
1. 作時(shí)間狀語
My shoes removed, I entered a low-ceilinged room, treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.
我脫掉鞋子后，走進(jìn)一間屋頂很低的房間，小心翼翼地踩在柔軟的塌塌米墊子上。
The governor pondering the matter, more strikers gathered across his path.
總督思考問題時(shí)，更多的罷工工人聚集在他要通過的路上。
2. 作條件狀語
Weather permitting, they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.
如果天氣允許的話，他們將在明天組織一次海濱郊游。
Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.
如果情況如此的話，你沒有理由解聘他。
3. 作原因狀語
The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.
由那個(gè)男孩帶路，我們很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
There being no further business to discuss, we all went home.
沒有別的事可討論，我們都回家了。
4. 作伴隨狀語或補(bǔ)充說明
I took my ticket, and marched proudly up the platform, with my cheeses, the people falling back respectfully on either side.
我拿著車票還有我的奶酪，雄赳赳氣昂昂地跨步走向月臺(tái)。人們似乎很尊敬我，紛紛向兩邊退去。
Ten students entered for the competition, the youngest a boy of 12.
十個(gè)學(xué)生報(bào)名參加了這次競(jìng)賽，年紀(jì)最小的是個(gè)12歲的男孩。

獨(dú)立主格與狀語從句的轉(zhuǎn)換

當(dāng)狀語從句的主語與主句的主語不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語從句，但不再保留連詞。
1. Class being over (Class over), the students soon left the classroom.
下課后，學(xué)生很快離開了課室。
=After class was over, the students soon left the classroom.
2. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
工作都談完了，我宣布會(huì)議結(jié)束。
=Since there is no further business, I declare the meeting closed.
3. It being Christmas, the government offices were closed.
現(xiàn)在是圣誕節(jié)，政府機(jī)關(guān)關(guān)門了。
=Because it was Christmas, the government offices were closed.

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的特殊用法

1. 有些分詞短語可以獨(dú)立存在,在句子中沒有邏輯上的主語，實(shí)際上已經(jīng)變成了習(xí)慣用法。這些短語有：Generally speaking 總的說來；Frankly speaking 坦率地說；Judging from 從……判斷；Supposing 假設(shè)等等。例句：
Generally speaking, the rule is very easy to understand.
總的說來，這條規(guī)則很容易懂。
Judging from what he said, he must be an honest man.
由他所說的來判斷，他一定是一個(gè)誠實(shí)的人。
2. 有些固定短語是帶 to 的不定式，表明說話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句中作獨(dú)立成分。這些短語有：to be honest老實(shí)說；to be sure 確實(shí)；to tell you the truth 說實(shí)話；to cut a long story short 長(zhǎng)話短說；to be frank 坦率地說；to make matters/things worse 更糟糕的是。例句：
To tell you the truth, I made a mistake in the word spelling.
說實(shí)話，我犯了一個(gè)拼寫錯(cuò)誤。