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There's an influential taxonomy by the anthropologist Alan Fiske,
人類學家Alan Fiske給出了一個關于影響力的分類法
in which relationships can be categorized, more or less, into communality, which works on the principle
其中人際關系可以被或多或少地歸為“公社性”，它的作用原則是
"what's mine is thine, what's thine is mine,"
“我的就是你的，你的就是我的”
the kind of mindset that operates within a family, for example; dominance, whose principle is "don't mess with me;"
家庭內部的一種心態，例如--統治心態，其原則就是“別惹我，”
reciprocity, "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours;"
互惠心態：“你幫我撓背，我幫你撓背，”
and sexuality, in the immortal words of Cole Porter, "Let's do it."
性心理：如Cole Porter的不朽名言所說，“來吧”
Now, relationship types can be negotiated.
人際關系的類型是可以通過磋商決定的
Even though there are default situations in which one of these mindsets can be applied,
盡管經常有某種默認情況指定了上面心態中的一種
they can be stretched and extended.
人際關類型可以被拉伸、調整
For example, communality applies most naturally within family or friends,
比如說“公社性”在家庭和朋友們中最自然
but it can be used to try to transfer the mentality of sharing
但它可以被用來把分享的心態轉移給
to groups that ordinarily would not be disposed to exercise it.
平時并不習慣于分享的群體--
For example, in brotherhoods, fraternal organizations, sororities, locutions like "the family of man,"
例如幫派或者男生聯誼會、女生聯誼會，像“男人之家”這樣的表達法
you try to get people who are not related to use the relationship type that would ordinarily be appropriate to close kin.
這樣就讓非親非故的人們能夠采用一般都是近親之間才有的關系類型
Now, mismatches -- when one person assumes one relationship type,
可是當一方采用某一種關系類型
and another assumes a different one -- can be awkward.
而另一方用了另一種--搭配錯誤的時候就尷尬了
If you went over and you helped yourself to a shrimp off your boss' plate,
假如你走過去隨手就從你老板的盤子里弄了一只蝦吃
for example, that would be an awkward situation.
打個比方的話，這就是一個尷尬的情況
Or if a dinner guest after the meal
或者是餐后有一位客人
pulled out his wallet and offered to pay you for the meal, that would be rather awkward as well.
掏出錢包說要付錢給你，這也會相當尷尬。
