評論
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The linguists Ute Fischer and Judith Orasanu, for example, once gave the following hypothetic scenario to a group of captains and first officers and asked them how they would respond:
語言學家烏特費舍和朱迪斯奧若薩駑曾經給一組機長和副駕設置了一系列的假設場景，讓他們為當時的情景做出回應：
You notice on the weather radar an area of heavy precipitation 25 miles ahead.
你注意到氣候雷達的提示，前方25英里將會遭遇暴風雨，
The pilot is maintaining his present course at Mach. 73,
但飛行員還在維持在目前0.73馬赫的速度飛行，
even though embedded thunderstorms have been reported in your area and you encounter moderate turbulence.
甚至你已經接到報告說飛機已進入雷雨區域，你們正在經歷一場中度的震蕩，
You want to ensure that your aircraft will not penetrate this area.
你想讓飛機飛離這塊區域。
Question: what do you say to the pilot?
問題：你該對飛行員說些什么？
In Fischer and Orasanu's mind, there are at least six ways to try to persuade the pilot to change course and avoid the bad weather,
按照費舍和奧若薩魯的想法，使飛行員改變航向并避免惡劣氣候的說服方式至少有六種，
each with different levels of mitigation.
任何一種都不同程度地表現了舒緩語氣。
No 1. Command: "Turn 30 degrees right."
1、命令：“向右轉30度。”
That's the most direct and explicit way of making a point imaginable.
這是一種最直接且最清晰的表達方式。
It's zero mitigation.
可以說沒有任何修飾。
No 2. Crew Obligation Statement.
2、隊友職責陳訴：
"I think we need to deviate right around now."
“我認為現在我們需要偏向左側飛行。”
Notice the use of "we" and the fact that the request is now much less specific.
注意“我們”這個詞，并且事實上這個請求已經不是那么具體，
That's a little softer.
并且略顯柔和。
No. 3: Crew Suggestion.
3、隊友建議：
"Let's go around the weather."
“我們復飛遠離這個氣候吧。”
Implicit in that statement is "we're in this together."
在這種陳述下指明“我們在一起”。
No. 4: Query. "Which direction would you like to deviate?"
4、提問：“您更傾向于想左偏還是向右偏？”
That's even softer than the crew suggestion, because the speaker is conceding that he's not in charge.
這比隊友建議更加柔和，因為發言者認為自己不是決策人。
No. 5: Preference.
5、提出選擇：“
"I think we will be wise to turn left or right."
我認為向左轉或向右轉會更好些”。
No. 6: Hint.
6、暗示：
"That return at 25 miles looks mean."
“退到25英里以外的地方會比較好。”
That's the most mitigated statement of all.
這是所有舒緩語氣中最緩和的。
Fischer and Orasanu found that captains overwhelmingly said they would issue a command in that situation:
費舍和奧若薩魯發現在假設情境下，幾乎所有機長都會選擇下達命令的方式：
"Turn 30 degrees right."
“向右轉30度。”
They were talking to a subordinate.
在他們對下級說話時，
They had no fear of being blunt.
他們不會考慮語氣是否生硬。
The first officials, on the other hand, were talking to their boss, and so they overwhelmingly chose the most mitigated alternative.
另一方面，副駕則是在對長官講話，因此副駕選擇最舒緩的語氣來進行溝通，
They hinted.
他們選擇暗示。
