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Like the Greek system, changing the balance of these chemicals can deeply alter how we respond to even extremely difficult circumstances.
像希臘的體液系統理論，改變這些物質的平衡就可以，甚至可以深刻地影響到我們面對極端困難環境時的反應。
There's also a long tradition of attempting to discern the value of sadness,
長久以來，我們不斷地嘗試去無視掉悲傷的價值，
and in that discussion, you'll find a strong argument that sadness is not only an inevitable part of life but an essential one.
但在以下的討論中你會發現，一個強有力的證據說悲傷不僅僅是生命中無法避免的一部分，而且還是不可或缺的一部分。
If you've never felt melancholy, you've missed out on part of what it means to be human.
如果你從來沒有感受過憂郁，那你已經失去了一部分作為人類的意義。
Many thinkers contend that melancholy is necessary in gaining wisdom.
許多學者反映，長智商的必要條件之一是憂郁。
Robert Burton, born in 1577, spent his life studying the causes and experience of sadness.
1577年出生的Robert Burton貢獻了一生的時間研究悲傷的起因和過程。
In his masterpiece "The Anatomy of Melancholy," Burton wrote, "He that increaseth wisdom increaseth sorrow."
在他的著作The Anatomy of Melancholy中他寫道：“積累智慧的同時也會積累憂傷?！?/div>
The Romantic poets of the early 19th century believed melancholy
19世紀初期的浪漫主義詩人們相信
allows us to more deeply understand other profound emotions, like beauty and joy.
憂郁可以使我們更很深刻地了解其他深沉的感受，比如說美好和快樂。
To understand the sadness of the trees losing their leaves in the fall
要了解秋季黃葉滿地的憂傷，
is to more fully understand the cycle of life that brings flowers in the spring.
就是更完善地認識可以帶來春花的生命周期。
But wisdom and emotional intelligence seem pretty high on the hierarchy of needs.
但智慧和情商看起來像是更高層次的需求。
Does sadness have value on a more basic, tangible, maybe even evolutionary level?
那悲傷在更基礎可觸，或甚至是進化的層面有沒有價值？
Scientists think that crying and feeling withdrawn is what originally helped our ancestors secure social bonds
科學家認為哭泣以及沉默寡言是最初幫助我們祖先之間牢牢建立社會關系，
and helped them get the support they needed.
并幫助他們尋求到他們所需要的支持的。
Sadness, as opposed to anger or violence,
和憤怒和暴力不同，
was an expression of suffering that could immediately bring people closer to the suffering person,
悲傷是可以立馬喚起別人同情的痛苦的表現，人與人之間距離一下子就近了，
and this helped both the person and the larger community to thrive.
這樣雙方都會得到幫助，更大的群體也會得以發展壯大。
