239. The Judiciary Act of 1801.
239.《司法法案》(1801年)
One of the last laws made by the Federalists was the Judiciary Act of 1801. This law greatly enlarged the national judiciary, and Adams eagerly seized the opportunity to appoint his friends to the new offices. The Republican Congress now repealed this Judiciary Act and "legislated out of office" all the new judges. For it must be remembered that the Constitution makes only the members of the Supreme Court sure of their offices. Congress also got rid of many other Federalist officeholders by repealing the Internal Revenue Act (p. 167). But while all this was done, Jefferson steadily refused to appoint men to office merely because they were Republicans. One man claimed an office on the ground that he was a Republican, and that the Republicans were the saviors of the republic. Jefferson replied that Rome had been saved by geese, but he had never heard that the geese were given offices.
聯(lián)邦黨人最后制定的那些法律中有一個是1801年的《司法法案》,這部法律極力擴大國家司法制度的威嚴(yán),亞當(dāng)斯急于抓住這個機會任命他的朋友到新的崗位任職,此時,共和黨的國會廢止了這部法律,并將所有的新法官"依法逐出辦公室",因為憲法僅僅準(zhǔn)許最高法院的成員決定這些位子的歸屬,國會還通過廢止《國內(nèi)貿(mào)易稅法案》將許多其他聯(lián)邦黨人從位子上趕下來。但杰斐遜并不與此同時直接任命一些新人,因為他們都是共和黨人。有人以共和黨人身份及共和黨人拯救了共和國為由,索要一個位子,杰斐遜這樣回答:"羅馬曾經(jīng)被一些鵝救過,但從未聽說過有鵝被任命做什么官。"