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Along with the land itself Byzantine also lost populations and tax revenues.
拜占庭不僅丟失了領土，還流失了人口和稅收。
In the 12 century economic threats rose in the West
12世紀來自西方的經濟威脅漸盛，
as rising Italian Naval powers like Venice and Genoa started cutting Byzantine Empire out of Eastern markets.
興起的海上意大利城市如威尼斯和熱那亞也開始把拜占庭擠出東部市場。
In 1204 AD the Western Crusades nearly ended the Byzantine Empire two and a half centuries early.
1204年 西方十字軍讓拜占庭帝國的滅亡至少提前了兩個半世紀。
The Crusaders captured and sacked Constantinople and set up a Latin speaking Catholic Kingdom.
十字軍占領并洗劫了君士坦丁堡，在這里建立了講拉丁語的天主教國家。
But Greek speaking Emperors hang on in a remote corner of Greece maintaining the tradition of the Romaioi.
但是按照羅馬人的傳統，講希臘語的君主繼續據守在希臘的一個偏遠角落。
Until their Empire struck back and re-took back Constantinople in 1261 AD.
直到進行反攻并在1261年收復君士坦丁堡。
The time period from 1261 until the fall of Constantinople in 1453 was known as the late Byzantine Empire. it could also be called The Long Decline.
從1261年到1453年君士坦丁堡覆滅這段時間被稱作后拜占庭帝國，也可以被稱為漫長的沒落。
Both the internal and the external causes resembled the decline experienced East earlier by the Roman Western Empire.
內憂和外患的狀況使拜占庭的覆滅和早先西羅馬帝國的覆滅非常相似。
In fact the Byzantine Empire became not so much an Empire or even a State,
事實上 拜占庭帝國已經不太像是一個帝國或者一個國家，
but rather a small Kingdom controlling the Metropolis of Constantinople and some surrounding territories.
而更像是一個控制著君士坦丁堡和其周圍領地的小國度。
The rich grew richer, the poor grew poorer but neither became more numerous.
富有的人愈加富有，貧窮的人愈加貧窮，但人口卻沒有增長。
As a Byzantine population shrank right along with its territory.
拜占庭的人口隨著人口的流失也在不斷減少。
