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And swing the elections in their directions
使大選結果傾向共和黨
That's a pattern that starts to break down in the Great Depression but then reestablish itself in the 1950s
但這種格局在大蕭條時期開始逐步瓦解，但在20世紀50年代的大選中又重現
But then about 1960, it all breaks down
直到1960年，它再次瓦解
And we enter a period with tremendous fluctuations, for example, you'll see the maps later on
而后我們進入了選情極度動蕩的時期，你會從以后的地圖中發現很多例證
If you look at the northeast New York and New England
例如東北部的紐約州及新英格蘭地區
You'll find that in 1956, it voted almost entirely for the Republican candidate Dwight Eisenhower only
在1956年時，幾乎所有選舉人票都投給了共和黨候選人德懷特
New York city and Boston really went for The Democrat Adlai Stevenson
只有紐約市和波士頓選了民主黨人艾德利
But then 8 years later 1964, we find a total reverse
但8年后的大選中，他們的態度180度大轉彎
In this region with just a few exceptions in the camp of the Democrats Lyndon Johnson but then low and behold fast forward again to 1972
新英格蘭除了少數幾個地區都支持民主黨人林頓，看看8年后的情況，1972年的大選中
It switches back to the Republicans
新英格蘭又轉而傾向共和黨人，
and today, at least New England is certainly very clearly in the Democratic camp, at least for our presidential elections go
而現在，至少在新英格蘭地區可以確定是傾向民主黨陣營的，至少從現在的選情趨勢來看是這樣的
So we have seen these recent period of fluctuation of instability
所以近幾十年的選情都是動蕩不定的
And it remains to be seen whether we're going to move into a more stable period of geographical alignments
較為穩定的地理格局是否會形成，這還有待觀察
Which is one of the most interesting issues
這是個有趣的問題
So I will go back again, This is a map I showed you before
現在回到歷史中來，這幅地圖我給你們過
Looking at the period right before the civil war
回顧南北戰爭前的選情格局
and just noting how strong the Republicans are in the north but nowhere else
北部是共和黨人的天下，但在其它地區則沒有支持者
No support certainly in the south
在南部顯然完全沒有
Not much support even in place like southern Illinois
在伊利諾伊南部這些地方，勉強有些
The Republicans of course are the victorious party after the civil war but it face a real challenge,
共和黨人顯然是在南北戰爭中獲勝的一方，但它也面臨一個嚴峻挑戰
how are they going to maintain power when they have such a limited geographical base
那就是如何維持他們手中的權力，由于他們的大本營僅局限于北部
