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In 476 AD the west ran out of puppet emperors with one Romulus Augustus.
476年，西羅馬找不出其他傀儡皇帝了，只剩下了羅慕路·奧古斯都路斯。
The Eastern Empire would continue and sometimes even mildly thrive for another millennium.
而東羅馬又繼續(xù)延續(xù)了一個世紀，中間甚至出現(xiàn)了較為繁榮的景象。
There is no one reason why the Western Roman Empire collapsed but several contributing factors are clear,
為什么西羅馬會滅亡，這不是一句話能解釋的，而是幾個影響因素共同作用的。
the most important factor is of course the numerous Barbarian invasions.
當然，最重要的因素就是蠻族的多次入侵。
In 407 the Angles, Saxons and Jutes conquered Britain, in 410 the Visigoths, last seen on the banks of the Danube, sacked Rome.
407年，盎格魯人撒克遜人和朱特人征服英國，410年，最后一個定居多瑙河南岸的部落，西哥特人洗劫了羅馬城。
In 411 the Vandals showed up in Spain and soon spread into northern Africa, in 451 Attila the Hun invaded Italy but stopped short of sacking Rome. In 455 the Vandals came in and captured Rome yet again, I think you get the picture.
411年，汪達爾人出現(xiàn)在西班牙，并且迅速遍布在非洲北部。451年，阿提斯匈奴入侵意大利，洗劫了羅馬后，455年，汪達爾人再次入侵，占領羅馬我想大家應該明白我的意思了。
The sky rocketing costs of running a huge military and a huge bureaucracy, required more income than could provide.
要使一個巨大的軍事機構和官僚機構正常運行，成本急劇飆升。這意味著需要更多地收入，這些卻無法得到滿足。
The intermittent sacking of Rome certainly hurt the imperial morale not to mention the Romans themselves
羅馬間歇性地遭到洗劫，無疑會影響帝國的士氣，更不用說羅馬人自己了。
but the Vandals control of Gall, Spain and Africa effectively cut the Western Empire off from its most valuable territories.
汪達爾人有效地控制了高盧，西班牙和非洲，而它們是西羅馬帝國最具有價值的領土，這切斷了收入來源。
As upper classes will do the Western elite did their best to dodge taxes,
在上層階級中 西羅馬的精英想盡一切辦法逃避稅收，
the brunt of the taxes fell upon the impoverished peasantry who had hardly any food much less money,
納稅負擔首當其沖，落到了一貧如洗的農(nóng)民身上當時的農(nóng)民已經(jīng)沒飯吃了，更別提金錢了。
when farmers fled to the shelter of wealthy landlords who could protect them,
因此農(nóng)民逃到富裕的地主那里尋求庇護，
the result was even lower farm production and acute manpower shortages.
所造成的結果就是農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)力下降，人手更加短缺。
Another result was feudalism, what little money the Western Empire had went to bribe the less dangerous Germanic tribes to defend the Western Empire from the more dangerous Germanic tribes.
以及封建主義的出現(xiàn)，西羅馬拿不出錢賄賂那些較弱的日耳曼部落來保衛(wèi)帝國 以免受到較為強大的日耳曼部落的入侵。
When the Vandals marched on Rome in 455 BC the city was powerless to resist.
當455年汪達爾人入侵羅馬城時，這個城市已經(jīng)無力反抗了。
