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In the best Roman tradition they fought against each other until only one,
和羅馬傳統一樣，他們互相爭戰，直到一個兒子勝出。
Constantius the second ruled, 337 to 361 AD, survived. Being of the Arian persuasion himself,
這個人就是君士坦丁二世，他信仰阿里烏斯教，
Constantius fought hard against the orthodox view his father had adopted at Nicaea in 325.
和他的父親325年在尼西亞城所立的正統信仰做了激烈的斗爭。
Constantius the second was challenged and eventually succeeded by his nephew Julian ruled 361 to 363 AD,
后來君士坦丁二世帝位受到挑戰，最終他的侄子朱利安(361-363)繼位統治羅馬。
better known as Julian the Apostate.
人們更熟悉“背教者朱利安”。
All this time Julian had merely pretended to be Christian in order to preserve his life.
朱利安之前一直假裝是基督徒以保住性命，
Once Emperor he tried to bring back that good old time Greco-Roman religion slathered with a healthy dose of neo-platonic funkiness or flavour.
成為皇帝后，他努力想恢復昔日的希臘羅馬宗教，帶有一絲濃厚的新柏拉圖哲學派的痕跡或味道。
Julian had hoped to eclipse the Christian religion but in fact the pagan relation he advocated was all but dead itself.
朱利安希望削弱基督教，但是他所推崇的文化本身已經死亡了。
Julian's invasion of Persia fared no better,
朱利安入侵波斯也同樣不順利，
like many of his predecessors Julian saw the need for a pre-emptive strike on Persia.
和他的前任皇帝一樣，朱利安認為入侵波斯需要先發制人。
He had also become convinced that he really was the re-incarnation of Alexander the Great
同時他堅信自己就是亞歷山大大帝的轉世，
but after Julian was killed in battle in 363 AD the Roman Empire would be ruled only by Christians.
但他363年死在波斯戰場上。從那以后，羅馬帝國的統治者都是基督信徒。
Segment 14c: East vs. West.
14章 第三部分 東西羅馬比較
The Last Roman Emperor to rule the whole Empire was Theodosius the first, 379 to 395 AD,
羅馬帝國的最后一個統一皇帝是狄奧多西一世(379-395)，
who came to power just after Rome's first great battle with the Goths.
他在羅馬和哥特人進行的第一次偉大戰役后獲得權力。
The Gothic tribes had been driven out of the modern day Ukraine by an Eastern people called the Huns,
哥特部落被東部的匈奴人，趕出了現在的烏克蘭地區，
the Goths hoped the Romans would let them settle on Roman land south of the Danube.
哥特人希望羅馬人能夠收留他們，在多瑙河南部的羅馬境內定居下來。
The Emperor Valens agreed, hoping to add to Roman tax receipts and enlarge the Roman Empire
瓦倫斯皇帝同意了。為了增加羅馬稅收，擴大羅馬帝國，
he admitted more Goths into into the Empire than the land could support.
他同意哥特人進入羅馬帝國，但是涌進的哥特人超過了土地的承受能力。
