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And then the other thing that we are more focused on recently with diet
最近，我們越來越關注的一個方面是
is the correct ratio between the types of fats that we eat
不同類型脂肪攝取的正確比例
So the fats that come from corn oil and soy and safflower and cottonseed
玉米油，大豆，紅花籽，棉籽中的脂肪
which if you start reading your food labels, they're found in a lot of processed foods
很多加工食品都含有很多
These are the kinds of polyunsaturated fats that are considered more pro-inflammatory
這些多元不飽和脂肪是促炎性的
And we eat a lot of those when start reading your food labels
很多食物標簽上都有很多這種脂肪
We also feed a lot of those fats to animals when we put them in feedlots
給牲畜喂食時，也有很多這類脂肪
So the ratio between these pro-inflammatory fats and the anti-inflammatory fats
這類促炎性脂肪和魚油等抗炎性脂肪的比例
or the, let's say, fish oils, okay
這類促炎性脂肪和魚油等抗炎性脂肪的比例
has shifted over time and we need to try to shift it to a healthier balance
我們希望能趨于一種更健康的平衡
So kind of broadening our concept of food and thinking about food in terms of the protectors that it gives our body
這里，我們從食物推廣到食物所提供的"保護素"概念
When I first studied nutrition
早期的營養研究
we were very focused on protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calorie you know, kind of the big picture
主要集中在蛋白質，脂肪，糖類和卡路里比較大的框架
And of course we thought of vitamins and minerals
之后是維生素和礦物質
but I think that what we've really grown to appreciate in the last at least 20 years
但至少最近20年中，我們開始意識到
is how many other protective components there are in the foods that we eat
食物中還有很多其它保護成分
So moving past these basic nutrients, we've become very focused on what we call phytochemicals
除了基本的營養素外，我們還開始關注植物素
or the protective chemicals that you get in plant foods
也就是從植物中獲取的保護性物質
And these include the carotenoids which I'm sure you've heard about
包括類胡蘿卜素，你們肯定聽過
They're the precursors of the raw material from which vitamin A is made
類胡蘿卜素是維生素A前體
Vitamin A is really important for your immune system to work properly
維生素A是免疫系統不可或缺的
I mean, let it on your eyes
特別是對眼睛
And it has many other functions, but carotenoids are also powerful antioxidants that are protective of your tissue
它有很多功能，還是保護組織的強抗氧化劑
And you've heard of flavonoids because of the French paradox and the reason we all used to have more dark chocolate and red wine
你們也許由于法國悖論，聽說過類黃酮素，正因為此，我們吃黑巧克力，喝紅酒
But it turns out that flavonoids actually are widely dispersed in plant foods
類黃酮素在素食中分布很廣
and particularly plant foods that have strong, what we call big color
特別是色澤艷麗的植物
And then, there's other compounds, indoles
還有其它化合物，吲哚
And I always mean to change that. It's isothiocyanates and allyl sulfur
這個拼錯了，我總忘了改，異硫氰酸酯及烯丙基硫化物
These are just the sulfur compounds that are found in cabbage type family and in onions and garlic
這是卷心菜類食物中發現的硫化物，洋蔥和大蒜中也有
And these sulfur compounds upregulate detoxification systems in our bodies
這類硫化物有助于體內的解毒功能
