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48. The Founding of Massachusetts, 1629—30.
48．馬薩諸塞的創建（1629——1630年）
Unlike the poor and humble Pilgrims were the founders of Massachusetts. They were men of wealth and social position, as for instance, John Winthrop and Sir Richard Saltonstall. They left comfortable homes in England to found a Puritan state in America. They got a great tract of land extending from the Merrimac to the Charles, and westward across the continent. Hundreds of colonists came over in the years 1629-30. They settled Boston, Salem, and neighboring towns. In the next ten years thousands more joined them. From the beginning Massachusetts was strong and prosperous. Among so many people there were some who did not get on happily with the rulers of the colony.
馬薩諸塞的創建者不像朝圣者那樣貧窮和可憐，他們有一定的社會地位和財富，如約翰·文思羅普和理查德·桑頓斯多爵士。這些人離開自己在英格蘭舒適的家園到美洲創建一個清教徒的居住地，他們得到一大片土地，這塊土地從梅里麥克延伸到查爾斯，并且向西穿過大陸。1629~1630年，數以百計的殖民者來到這里，他們創建了波斯頓和塞倫，并在它們周邊建起一些小鎮。接下來的十年間，又有數千人來到這里居住。馬薩諸塞自誕生起就是強大而富足的，但是，其中有一些人與殖民地的統治者相處并不愉快。
49. Roger Williams and Religious Liberty.
49．羅杰·威廉姆斯和宗教自由
Among the newcomers was Roger Williams, a Puritan minister. He disagreed with the Massachusetts leaders on several points. For instance, he thought that the Massachusetts people had no right to their lands, and he insisted that the rulers had no power in religious matters—as enforcing the laws as to Sunday. He insisted on these points so strongly that the Massachusetts government expelled him from the colony. In the spring of 1636, with four companions he founded the town of Providence. There he decided that every one should be free to worship God as he or she saw fit.
羅杰·威廉姆斯是新到馬薩諸塞的人之一，他是一名清教徒事務官，在幾個方面與馬薩諸塞的首領觀點不合，例如，羅杰·威廉姆斯認為馬薩諸塞的人沒有土地所有權，并且他堅持認為管理者沒有權力插手宗教事務，如就星期日給出強制性的法律。羅杰·威廉姆斯強硬地堅持這些觀點，這導致馬薩諸塞政府將他驅逐出這個殖民地。1636年春天，羅杰·威廉姆斯和他的四個同伴創建小鎮普羅維登斯，他規定在這個小鎮上所有的人都應該以自己的方式崇拜上帝。
50. The Rhode Island Towns.
50．羅得島小鎮
Soon another band of exiles came from Massachusetts. These were Mrs. Hutchinson and her followers. Mrs. Hutchinson was a brilliant Puritan woman who had come to Boston from England to enjoy the ministry of John Cotton, one of the Boston ministers. She soon began to find fault with the other ministers of the colony. Naturally, they did not like this. Their friends were more numerous than were Mrs. Hutchinson's friends, and the latter had to leave Massachusetts. They settled on the island of Rhode Island (1637).
很快又有一些放逐者從馬薩諸塞趕來，他們是哈欽森夫人和她的隨從們。哈欽森夫人是一位杰出的清教徒，她曾經從英格蘭趕到波士頓為波士頓大臣之一約翰·科頓效力。哈欽森夫人很快就發現這片殖民地上其他大臣的錯誤之處，自然，這些人也不喜歡她。這些人的朋友比哈欽森夫人的朋友多得多，她不得不離開馬薩諸塞。他們在羅得島安了家（1637年）。
51. The Connecticut Colony.
51．康涅狄格殖民地
Besides those Puritans whom the Massachusetts people drove from their colony there were other settlers who left Massachusetts of their own free will. Among these were the founders of Connecticut. The Massachusetts people would gladly have had them remain, but they were discontented and insisted on going away. They settled the towns of Hartford, Windsor, and Weathersfield, on the Connecticut River. At about the same time John Winthrop, Jr., led a colony to Saybrook, at the mouth of the Connecticut. Up to this time the Dutch had seemed to have the best chance to settle the Connecticut Valley. But the control of that region was now definitely in the hands of the English.
除了被馬薩諸塞人驅逐的那些清教徒，在此定居的還有一些自愿離開馬薩諸塞的人，其中一些人就是康涅狄格的創建者，馬薩諸塞人非常希望這些人留下來，但是，他們表示不滿，并堅持離開馬薩諸塞。他們在康涅狄格河畔的哈特福德、溫莎和懷特菲爾德定居。大約與此同時，小約翰·溫思羅普帶著一部分人來到康涅狄格河河口的塞布魯克。此時，似乎荷蘭人最有機會在康涅狄格流域定居，但是，事實上這個地區牢牢掌控在英國人的手里。
