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聽力原文:

Dealing with autism
對抗孤獨癥
Beautiful minds, wasted
美麗的心靈,為何要珠沉大海
How not to squander the potential of autistic people
怎樣讓孤獨者不荒廢自己的潛能
IN AMERICA in 1970 one child in 14,000 was reckoned to be autistic. The current estimate is one in 68—or one in 42 among boys. Similarly high numbers can be found in other rich countries: a study in South Korea found that one in 38 children was affected. Autism is a brain condition associated with poor social skills. It has a wide spectrum of symptoms, from obsessive behaviour to hypersensitivity to sound, light or other sensory stimulation, the severity of which ranges from mild to life-blighting. The range of consequences is also wide. At one end, the autism of a computer scientist may be barely noticeable; at the other, a quarter of autistic children do not speak.

重點詞匯:

1 squander 浪費,揮霍
2 autism 自閉癥;孤獨癥
3 autistic 患孤獨癥的; 患自閉癥的; autistic behaviour/children 自閉癥行為 / 兒童
4 reckon 估算;估計;計算
5 spectrum范圍;各層次;系列;幅度
6 hypersensitive very easily offended 非常敏感的;很容易生氣的
7 hypersensitivity 超敏性;
8 sensory stimulation感官刺激
9 severity嚴重; 嚴格; 嚴謹; 嚴厲的對待
10 mild 溫柔的; 溫暖的; 輕微的; (味道)不濃的;
11 blight 損害;妨害;貽害
12 condition 健康狀況;(因不可能治愈而長期患有的)疾病

聽力原文:

Autism is a condition that defies simple generalisations. Except one: the potential of far too many autistic people is being squandered. Although around half of those with autism are of average intelligence or above, they do far worse than they should at school and at work. In France, almost 90% of autistic children attend primary school, but only 1% make it to high school. Figures from America, which works harder to include autistic pupils, suggest that less than half graduate from high school. In Britain, only 12% of higher-functioning autistic adults work full time. Globally, the United Nations reckons that 80% of those with autism are not in the workforce.

重點詞匯:

1 defy 違抗;反抗;蔑視
2 generalisation 一般化; 普通化; 歸納; 概論

聽力原文:

These numbers represent a tragic human toll, as millions of people live idle and isolated outside the world of work. Loving parents and siblings struggle to know how to help. Autism imposes hefty economic costs, reducing economic growth and swelling disability rolls. One American study suggests those costs could be as high as 2% of GDP. Fortunately, this need not be the case. Evidence, particularly from advanced economies, suggests there are plenty of things, from earlier screening to greater assistance with finding jobs, that could transform the lives of many autistic people (see Briefing).

重點詞匯:

1 tragic 悲慘的;悲痛的;可悲的
2 sibling 兄;弟;姐;妹
3 hefty很大的;超出一般的;可觀的
4 swelling膨脹;腫脹
5 roll 花名冊;名單
6 toll(戰(zhàn)爭、災(zāi)難等造成的)毀壞;傷亡人數(shù)

聽力原文:

Early screening is essential. There is no definitive test for autism. It can be diagnosed only by observing behaviour. Most babies learn by watching their parents smile, hug, eat and bicker; autistic children often fixate on inanimate objects or play with their toys in an oddly repetitive way. Relying on diagnosis by observation makes the statistics around autism slippery: one reason the condition’s incidence has risen in recent decades is that doctors have changed the way they detect it. Yet there is little doubt that early diagnosis and intervention can help autistic children’s brains develop better. If parents fill in a detailed questionnaire about what their children can and can’t do, doctors can usually spot the symptoms by the age of two. Speech therapy and other intensive treatments can help an autistic toddler cope and encourage learning and interaction at an age when the brain is at its most plastic. A study in 2013 in Washington state found that, though costly, such early coaching paid for itself within eight years by reducing the need for extra help in school. Alas, the average age of diagnosis in the rich world is three and a half.

重點詞匯:

1 definitive 最后的;決定性的;不可更改的
2 diagnose 診斷(疾病);判斷(問題的原因)
3 bicker (為小事)斗嘴,爭吵
4 fixate視線移向; 注視; 使固定;
5 inanimate 無生命的
6 observation 觀察;觀測;監(jiān)視
7 slippery 難以應(yīng)對的;棘手的 滑的;滑得抓不住(或站不穩(wěn)、難以行走)的
8 Early screening 早期篩查
9 spot 看見;看出;注意到;發(fā)現(xiàn)
10 symptom 癥狀
11 therapy治療;療法
12 toddler 學步的幼兒;
13 cope (成功地)對付,處理
14 plastic 可塑的;有塑性的
15 incidence 發(fā)生范圍;影響程度;發(fā)生率

聽力原文:

A second aim should be to provide autistic children with schooling that suits them. A debate rages about when and how to include autistic children in mainstream classes. The evidence argues against blanket rules. Some do better when mixed in with other children and given additional support. Some need to be taught separately, either for their own sake or because they are disruptive. Others need a bit of both. Whatever the degree of integration, teaching autistic children effectively will require more funding, to train both specialist and mainstream teachers. In one study 60% of British teachers said they felt unprepared to teach autistic children.

重點詞匯:

1 blanket rule 通用規(guī)則
2 disruptive 引起混亂的;擾亂性的;破壞性的

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重點單詞   查看全部解釋    
spectrum ['spektrəm]

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n. 光譜,范圍,系列

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diagnose ['daiəgnəuz]

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v. 判斷,診斷(疾病)

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squander ['skwɔndə]

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v. 浪費,使 ... 散開

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idle ['aidl]

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adj. 無目的的,無聊的; 懶惰的,閑散的; 無根據(jù)的

 
effectively [i'fektivli]

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adv. 事實上,有效地

 
current ['kʌrənt]

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n. (水、氣、電)流,趨勢
adj. 流通的

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disability [disə'biliti]

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n. 無力,無能,殘疾

 
repetitive [ri'petitiv]

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adj. 重復(fù)的

 
plastic ['plæstik, plɑ:stik]

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adj. 塑料的,可塑的,造型的,整形的,易受影響的

 
primary ['praiməri]

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adj. 主要的,初期的,根本的,初等教育的

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