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Ninette de Valois
妮內特·德瓦盧瓦
Dame Ninette established ballet in a Britain that had no ballet tradition. Her Royal Ballet School became the cradle of an English ballet style, and her dance company evolved into the renowned Royal Ballet of Covent Garden.
妮內特·德瓦盧瓦夫人在英國創建了芭蕾舞團，而當時的英國人從未接觸過芭蕾舞。她的皇家芭蕾舞學校是英式芭蕾舞的搖籃，她的舞蹈團最終發展成科文特加登的著名皇家芭蕾舞團。
Ninette de Valois was the stage name of Edris Stannus, born into an Anglo-Irish military family in County Wicklow, Ireland, June 6，1898. The family moved to England when she was 7，and at age 13 she was performing in Lila Field’s Wonder Children in commercial theater. She went on to ballet, performed at seaside resorts when she was a teenager,and “danced the Dying Swan on every pier in England, she said. At that time, ballet in Britain was just a novelty turn in the variety theaters.
妮內特·德瓦盧瓦是她的藝名，她的真名是愛德莉·斯坦奴，1898年6月6日出生于愛爾蘭維克羅郡的一戶英裔愛爾蘭軍人家庭。她7歲的時候，全家搬到了英格蘭，13歲時，她就在一家商業劇院出演芭蕾舞劇《萊拉原野的神奇孩子》。青少年時期，她繼續跳芭蕾舞，經常在海濱的度假勝地演出。“我幾乎在英國每一個碼頭上表演《垂死的天鵝》”，她說。當時，芭蕾舞在英國的雜耍劇院里只不過是一個新穎的節目。
De Valois took lessons from Italian dance master Enrico Cecchiti, and joined Diaghilev’s Ballets Russian company for two years. She gave up dancing at 26 when she learned she had been struggling with the effects of undiagnosed childhood polio. “It was no tragedy, ” she said. “I wasn’t that great.” In 1926, de Valois opened her London Academy of Choreographic Art, and formed a small group of dancers. She began a collaboration with Lilian Baylis at the Old Vic theater, teaching movement to the actors and giving ballet performances. In 1931 she moved to Baylis，second theater, Sadler’s Wells, persuaded Frederic Ashton from the Marie Rambert ballet company to join her company as choreographer. It grew steadily and became the Sadler’s Wells Ballet.
德瓦盧瓦師從于意大利舞蹈大師恩里科·切凱蒂，并在現代芭蕾創始人佳吉列夫領導的俄羅斯芭蕾舞團效力兩年。直到26歲，當得知她一直與之抗爭的病是童年時未經確診的小兒麻痹癥后遺癥時，她才不得不告別舞蹈生涯。“這算不上悲劇，我也沒那么偉大，”她說。 1926年德瓦盧瓦開辦了倫敦舞蹈藝術學院，組建了一個小舞蹈團。同時她也開始在老維多利亞劇院與莉蓮·貝蕾斯合作，教授舞蹈演員舞蹈動作并上演芭蕾舞劇。1931年她遷到貝蕾斯的第二劇院——賽德勒·維爾斯劇院，并勸請瑪麗·蘭伯特（注：英國著名舞蹈家，創辦英國第一所舞蹈學校）芭蕾舞團的佛瑞德里克·阿什頓加入她的舞蹈團擔任舞蹈指導。該團不斷穩步發展，后壯大成為賽德勒·維爾斯芭蕾舞團。
She was strict, imperious, and did not accept laziness or incompetence in her dancers. “If she walked into classroom, our backs would stiffen and our knees would start to shake. A word from her could make or break you, ” a former student said.
她嚴格、甚至苛刻，從不姑息遷就舞蹈學員的懶情和不合格。“每當她走進教室，我們就覺得背開始發僵, 兩腿開始顫抖。因為她的一句話可以成就你，也可以毀掉你。”她以前的一個學生說。
She was made a dame, the equivalent of a knight, in 1951, and France made her a chevalier of the Legion d'Honneur in 1950. In 1980，Queen Elizabeth II made her a member of the exclusive Order of the Companions of Honor, for men and women who have done “conspicuous national service.”
1951年，她被授予女爵士頭銜，這是與騎士同級的爵位，1950年法國授予她法國勛級會榮譽軍團騎士勛位。1980年女皇伊麗莎白二世冊封她為勛爵士榮譽評審團成員，該團在英國具有無上的榮譽，并且該團的榮譽勛章一般只授給那些對國家有杰出功勛或業績的人們。
