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Chapter 2
第2章
Spanish And French Pioneers In The United States
美國的西班牙和法國先驅
10. Stories of Golden Lands.
10．關于黃金地帶的故事
Wherever the Spaniards went, the Indians always told them stories of golden lands somewhere else. The Bahama Indians, for instance, told their cruel Spanish masters of a wonderful land toward the north. Not only was there gold in that land; there was also a fountain whose waters restored youth and vigor to the drinker. Among the fierce Spanish soldiers was Ponce de Leon. He determined to see for himself if these stories were true.
無論西班牙人到了哪里，印第安人都向他們講述遍地都是黃金的故事，例如，巴哈馬群島的印第安人向殘暴的西班牙總督講到北方一塊神奇的陸地，那里不僅有黃金，還有一眼泉，泉水可以讓人恢復青春，并讓喝水的人強壯。這些殘暴的西班牙士兵中就有龐塞·德·萊昂，他決定親自去看看這些故事是否為真。
11. Discovery of Florida, 1513.
11．發現佛羅里達（1513年）
In the same year that Balboa discovered the Pacific Ocean, Ponce de Leon sailed northward and westward from the Bahamas. On Easter Sunday, 1513, he anchored off the shores of a new land. The Spanish name for Easter was La Pascua de los Flores. So De Leon called the new land Florida. For the Spaniards were a very religious people and usually named their lands and settlements from saints or religious events. De Leon then sailed around the southern end of Florida and back to the West Indies. In 1521 he again visited Florida, was wounded by an Indian arrow, and returned home to die.
在巴波亞發現太平洋的同一年，龐塞·德·萊昂從巴哈馬群島向西北航行，在1513年復活節那一天，他在一個新陸地的海岸上拋錨，西班牙人把復活節叫做LaPascua de losFlores，因此，德·萊昂把新陸地叫做佛羅里達。西班牙人非常注重宗教信仰，并常常以先知和宗教事件來命名他們的陸地和殖民地。后來，德·利昂航行到佛羅里達南部附近海域，并回到西印度群島。在1521年，德·萊昂再次到達佛羅里達，但是，他中了印第安人的箭，并在回家后死去。
12. Spanish Voyages and Conquests.
12．西班牙人的航海和征服
Spanish sailors and conquerors now appeared in quick succession on the northern and western shores of the Gulf of Mexico. One of them discovered the mouth of the Mississippi. Others of them stole Indians and carried them to the islands to work as slaves. The most famous of them all was Cortez. In 1519 he conquered Mexico after a thrilling campaign and found there great store of gold and silver. This discovery led to more expeditions and to the exploration of the southern half of the United States.
西班牙水手和征服者迅速行進到達墨西哥灣的西北部海域，其中一個人發現了通往密西西比河的出口。其他人則搶了一些印第安人，將他們帶到島嶼上當奴隸使用。這些人中最著名的是科爾特茲。1519年，科爾特茲經過激戰征服墨西哥，他發現墨西哥有大量的黃金和白銀，這個發現吸引了更多探險者到來，并吸引他們去美國南半部探險。
13. Coronado in the Southwest, 1540-1542.
13．卡羅納多在美國西南部（1540——1542年）
In 1540 Coronado set out from the Spanish towns on the Gulf of California to seek for more gold and silver. For seventy-three days he journeyed northward until he came to the pueblos of the Southwest. These pueblos were huge buildings of stone and sun-dried clay. Some of them were large enough to shelter three hundred Indian families. Pueblos are still to be seen in Arizona and New Mexico, and the Indians living in them even to this day tell stories of Coronado's coming and of his cruelty. There was hardly any gold and silver in these "cities," so a great grief fell upon Coronado and his comrades.
1540年卡羅納多離開西班牙去加利福尼亞灣尋找更多的黃金和白銀，他向北走了73天到達美國西南部的普韋布洛村莊，這些普韋布洛村莊的人住在一些用石頭建成的巨大建筑物中，這些石屋飽經日曬雨淋。其中一些石屋可以容納三百戶印第安人家庭居住。今天在亞利桑那州和新墨西哥州仍然可以看到這些普韋布洛村莊，住在那里的人仍然知道關于卡羅納多的到來及其殘暴統治的故事。這些“城市”中幾乎沒有什么黃金和白銀，卡羅拉多和他的同行者感到十分悲傷。
