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Butylated Hydroxianisole or BHA is used as a preservative because it is an antioxidant
丁基羥基茴香醚(BHA)主要用于防腐劑，因為它是一種抗氧化劑
that stabilizes and preserves freshness, nutrition, flavour and colour in both animal and human foods.
可以保持動物或人類食品的新鮮程度，營養物質，味道及色澤
BHA is currently approved by the FDA as a food additive.
目前該物質已被食藥局批準為食物添加劑
But BHA has been hypothesized to cause cancer.
但它曾被懷疑會引起癌癥
But is also been hypothesized to be an anti carcinogen as well.
也被懷疑是種抗癌物質
So what should you believe?
你會相信哪一點呢?
Lets look into the research about this food additive and cancer.
讓我們深入觀察一下關于這種添加劑和癌癥的研究
It has been shown to have cancer causing effects in mice when in given in large doses
研究曾顯示，如果給老鼠注入大量該物質會引起癌癥
but has never been proven to cause cancer in humans.
但這種現象從未在人類身上發生
The main area where the cancer was found in research with mice was in the fore stomach
研究中老鼠患癌的主要部位是前胃
which humans do not have.
而人類并沒有這個部位
Additionally the doses that were given to the mice
此外，為老鼠注入的丁基羥基茴香醚量
were more than the FDA allows to be added in our food.
比食藥局規定的食物中此物質含量高
On the flip side research has also shown that BHA can have anti cancer effects
另一方面，研究發現該物質具有抗癌作用
because it inhibits cell to cell communication and therefore can stop the spread of cancer cells.
因為它阻斷了細胞之間的信息傳遞，因此可以防止癌細胞擴散
But as a carcinogen a review article published in 1999
但是一篇于1999年發表的
that looked at information from the international agency for research
關注國際機構研究癌癥信息的評論文章
on cancer evaluated BHA and found evidence that it had carcinogenic effects in animals but not in humans.
發現該物質在動物體內具有致癌作用，但在人體內則沒有
It was found that when given in large doses
研究發現當大劑量注入該物質時
cancer and tumours were found in the fore stomach of mice.
老鼠的前胃會發現癌和腫瘤
In this study doses of BHA were given in doses of 98 milligrams and 414 milligrams.
這項研究分別向老鼠體內注入98和414毫克丁基羥基茴香醚
When given at large doses it was found that the incidence of fore stomach cancer in mice was 34.6% in males and 29.4% in females.
當注入大劑量時，34.6%的雄性老鼠前胃發現癌，而雌性老鼠僅為29.4%
But when given in low doses mice were found to have no malignant cancer.
但注入低劑量時老鼠體內沒有發現惡性癌
Another study mentioned a review article by Elmo et al. published in 1990,
由Elmo et al于1990年發表的一篇文章提到另一項研究
note that BHA as a carcinogen in Japanese house mouse shrews that do not have a fore stomach.
認為該物質是致癌物該研究以沒有前胃的日本家鼠鼩鼱為研究對象
BHA was given to male and female shrews for 80 weeks and given amounts of 0.5%, 1% and 2% incorporated into the diet.
分別向雄雌鼩鼱體內注入丁基羥基茴香醚長達80周且該物質占飲食比例分別為0.5%、1%和2%
The shrews that received the high doses dies within the first 8 weeks due to gastro intestinal hemorrhaging,
注入高劑量的鼩鼱于前八周就因腸胃出血而死亡
the low and middle dose groups had increased cell dose in the lungs
而注入中低量的鼩鼱肺部細胞增多
but this did not contain a control group and was not confirmed and therefore can not be considered creditable.
但該研究沒有對照組也沒有經過論證，因此沒有可信度
There are multiple studies that also suggest BHA could be a possible anti carcinogen.
還有很多研究顯示丁基羥基茴香醚可能是種抗癌物質
Studies show that BHA can inhibit carcinogenic effects of other chemicals when given in high doses or extremely small doses.
研究顯示，當注入高劑量甚至很少該物質時，體內其他化學物質的致癌物會被阻斷
In an article by Williams and Eantopus it was stated that these studies suggest that
Williams和Eantopus合著的文章認為這些研究表明
low doses of BHA inhibit carcinogenesis
在體內出現DNA活性致癌物之前
or the development of cancer when given prior to and during exposures to DNA reactive carcinogens.
或期間低劑量的注入該物質可以抑制致癌作用或減緩癌發展
Anti carcinogenic activity at low concentrations
由于游離基的封閉活動
has been suggested to be due to free radical trapping activity.
可能存在低集中度的抗癌活動
But when BHA was given in large amounts, greater than three percent in the diet
但當大劑量注入該物質，如占飲食比例的3%以上時
it was shown to inhibit carcinogenic effects when given before or during the cancer.
在患癌之前和之時都可以抑制癌的發展
Overall there needs to be more research done to support this anti carcinogenic conclusion.
總之，需要更多的研究來支撐該物質的抗癌作用
It has been shown to have anti cancer effects when given in small or large amounts
研究已顯示無論大小劑量的注入該物質都可起到抗癌作用
but the research is still inconclusive.
但這些研究還不能下定論
