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first time, but not for the last, Roman troops under Sulla marched on Rome.
這是蘇拉第一次而非最后一次率領(lǐng)羅馬軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻羅馬，
Marius himself hid out until Sulla and his troops left to fight Mithradates.
馬略藏了起來直到蘇拉和其軍隊(duì)離開去攻打米特里達(dá)提。
He then marched on Rome with his troops and threw a little bloodbath of his own.
這時(shí)馬略率自己的軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻羅馬開始血腥報(bào)復(fù)，
Marius was also elected consul an unprecedented seventh time, but died, fortunately, before he could harm the state further.
馬略還第七次當(dāng)選為執(zhí)政官，這是前所未有的，但是幸運(yùn)的是他在可以進(jìn)一步損害羅馬之前死掉了。
His supporters though, maintained their stranglehold on Roman government,
然而他的黨羽仍然完全控制著羅馬政府，
even sending a seperate army to Asia with orders to defeat Sulla and Mithridates, in that order.
甚至派單獨(dú)一支軍隊(duì)去亞細(xì)亞，要先擊敗蘇拉，再擊敗米特里達(dá)提，
These soldiers wisely defected to Sulla at their earliest opportunity.
這些士兵很明智，一有機(jī)會(huì)就變節(jié)投靠了蘇拉，
Sulla thought he had to fix Rome's problems first.
蘇拉認(rèn)為應(yīng)該先解決羅馬的問題，
He therefore made a peace treaty with Mithridates, returned to Italy with his army,
因此和米特里達(dá)提簽訂了合約，帶領(lǐng)軍隊(duì)回到意大利，
marched on Rome again and wiped out Marius's supporters a second time.
再一次進(jìn)攻羅馬，第二次清除馬略黨人。
This accomplished by eighty one BC, Sulla declared himself dictator for the, quote, unquote, restoration of the Republic.
前81年徹底肅清馬略派后，蘇拉宣布自己為復(fù)辟共和國的獨(dú)裁官，
His first step was to condemn his popularis enemies and confiscate all their property.
此后第一件事就是懲罰敵人并沒收他們的所有財(cái)產(chǎn)，
The Senate asked Sulla to publish the names of the condemned,
元老院要求蘇拉公布將受懲罰者的名單，
so that those not on the list could be freed from anxiety,
不在名單上的人就可以免受擔(dān)憂之苦，
a process called proscription or posting of names.
這叫做死刑公告或者名單公布。
Although his reign of terror was just as bloody as that of the hated Marius,
盡管蘇拉的統(tǒng)治和盡失人心的馬略一樣殘暴，
Sulla tried hard to fix what he saw as the Roman Republic's problems.
蘇拉曾盡力試圖修復(fù)他認(rèn)為的羅馬共和國的問題。
Sulla strengthened the Senate's power and legally established the minimum ages for holding Roman magistracies.
蘇拉加強(qiáng)了元老院的權(quán)力在法律上確定了在羅馬裁判法院任職的最小年齡，
He weakened the tribunate by making ex-tribunes ineligible for future magistracies,
他通過撤銷前保民官擔(dān)任治安官的資格削弱保民官的權(quán)力，
and he quit giving grain to the urban masses for free.
并且不再免費(fèi)給城市人口發(fā)放糧食。
His goal was to ensure that no Marius, or no Sulla, for that matter, would ever threaten Rome again.
他的目標(biāo)是確保不再出現(xiàn)馬略或者蘇拉這樣的人物威脅羅馬。
He decreed that no standing army could be stationed in or near Rome and that governors or commanders could not lead troops back anywhere near Rome without the express permission of the Senate.
他頒布法令規(guī)定羅馬或其附近不得駐扎常駐軍隊(duì)，總督或指揮官?zèng)]有元老院的明確允許不得率軍隊(duì)回到羅馬附近，
This accomplished, Sulla lay down his dictatorship and partied himself to death in seventy nine BC.
完成這些后，蘇拉放棄了獨(dú)裁，于公元前79年去世，
Yet the problem presented by client armies would not go away.
但是職業(yè)軍隊(duì)帶來的問題仍然存在，
Rome had already endured three civil wars, the Social War of ninety one through eighty eight BC,
羅馬已經(jīng)經(jīng)受了三次內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，公元前91年到88年的社會(huì)公戰(zhàn)，
Sulla's war of eighty seven BC, and Sulla's war of eighty two to eighty one BC.
公元前87年的蘇拉戰(zhàn)爭，還有公元前82年到81年的蘇拉戰(zhàn)爭。
The general Quintus Sertorius, a comrade of Marius, took over the provinces of Spain and held out until seventy two BC, when he was at last suppressed by the young general Pompey.
將領(lǐng)昆圖斯·塞多留是馬略支持者，他征服西班牙各省，并駐守到公元前72年，最終被年輕的將領(lǐng)龐培鎮(zhèn)壓，
The Spartacus slave revolt of seventy three to seventy one BC was put down by the Sullan general Crassus with an assist from Pompey and his Spanish veterans. Crassus never forgave Pompey for stealing his limelight.
公元前73年到71年的斯巴達(dá)克斯奴隸起義被蘇拉麾下的將領(lǐng)克拉蘇鎮(zhèn)壓，但是在龐培和他的西班牙老兵的援助下，克拉蘇一直沒有原諒龐培搶了他的風(fēng)頭，
To reward these ambitious young generals and, hopefully, keep them from marching their client armies upon Rome,
為了獎(jiǎng)賞這兩個(gè)年輕的將領(lǐng)，同時(shí)也是希望他們不要率職業(yè)軍隊(duì)進(jìn)攻羅馬，
Pompey and Crassus were elected co-consuls for seventy BC.
龐培和克拉蘇被共同選為公元前70年的執(zhí)政官，
This was yet another lousy precedent.
這又是一次糟糕的先例，
Pompey was not only too young to be the consul, he had never been elected to any position on the cursus honorum.
龐培擔(dān)任執(zhí)政官不僅太年輕，而且他從未當(dāng)選過光榮晉升體系的任何職務(wù)，
But Rome was now an empire in the full sense of the world and war was no longer a matter of dropping the plow, picking up the sword and kicking Etruscan tail. Now...
但是羅馬現(xiàn)在是真正的世界帝國了，戰(zhàn)爭不再是扔下鋤頭，抓起劍就去攻打伊特拉斯坎人。現(xiàn)在······
