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Politics this week
本周政治要聞
The long process to choose America's presidential candidates got under way, in Iowa. Ted Cruz won the state's Republican caucuses, upending Donald Trump, who had led recent polling. Mr Trump came second, not far ahead of Marco Rubio, considered to be the viable moderate alternative to the populist front-runners. On the Democratic side Hillary Clinton eked out a win over Bernie Sanders by 0.3 of a percentage point, the thinnest- ever margin of victory in the party's Iowa caucuses.
戰(zhàn)線持久的美國大選在愛荷華州（Iowa）拉開帷幕，共和黨總統參選人特德·克魯茲（Ted Cruz）在該黨的黨團會議中擊敗了民調一直都遙遙領先的唐納德·特朗普（Donald Trump）。特朗普以微弱優(yōu)勢領先馬爾科·魯比奧（Marco Rubio），排名第二。魯比奧為人穩(wěn)健，受人歡迎，有相當大的獲勝可能。民主黨初選希拉里（Hillary Clinton）以0.3個百分點險勝桑德斯（Bernie Sanders）。這是民主黨在愛荷華州黨團會議中有史以來最險的一次取勝。
Ash Carter, America's defence secretary, said the Pentagon would ask for $583 billion in the White House's forthcoming budget. Spending on fighting Islamic State is to double, to$7.5 billion, and support for central and east European countries in response to Russia's invasion of Ukraine will quadruple to $3.4 billion.
美國國防部秘書長阿什頓·卡特（Ash Carter）宣布要向白宮申請5830億美元的國防預算。用于打擊“伊斯蘭國”武裝組織的預算比去年翻一番，將達到75億美元。用于支持中歐與西歐國家應對俄羅斯對烏克蘭侵犯的預算將增加三倍，達34億美元。
Facebook moved to ban the private sale of guns through its network and Instagram, a photo-sharing site it owns.
臉書（Facebook）將在其網站和照片分享軟件照片墻（Instagram）上禁止所有私人的槍支買賣。
The World Health Organisation declared that a rise in birth defects in Brazil, thought to be caused by the mosquito-borne Zika virus, is a global emergency. The virus probably caused more than 4,000 cases of microcephaly among new-born children in Brazil and has been found in more than 20 countries in the Americas. The WHO thinks the virus is spreading “explosively”. It is thought that a case detected in Texas was probably transmitted through sex.
巴西由蚊子傳播的寨卡病毒（Zika virus）造成的出生缺陷病例不斷增加，世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）宣布此為全球緊急公共衛(wèi)生事件。寨卡病毒引起了巴西4000多個新生兒小頭畸形病例，已波及美洲20多個國家。世界衛(wèi)生組織認為該病毒正在以“爆炸式”的速度擴散。在美國德州也發(fā)現一例疑似由性接觸感染的病例。
Guatemala put on trial two former military officers charged with letting their soldiers kidnap and rape 11 Mayan women during the country's 36-year civil war. This is the first time that anyone has been tried for wartime sex-slavery charges in the country where the crimes were allegedly committed.
危地馬拉（Guatemala）開庭審理兩名前軍官，他們被指控在危地馬拉長達36年的內戰(zhàn)中允許手下士兵綁架強奸11名馬雅女性。這是該國首例認罪的戰(zhàn)時性奴役案。
Argentina said it would repay Italian investors who had refused earlier offers of a debt restructuring after the country defaulted in 2001. If Congress approves the deal, the government will pay $1.35 billion, 150% of the face value of the bonds, to 50,000 investors. It hopes this will set a precedent for negotiations with holdout investors in bonds with a face value of $6 billion.
阿根廷（Argentina）表示將賠償那些在2001年由于違約債券而受到損失的意大利投資者。此前，他們拒絕了阿根廷提出的債務重組的建議。如果阿議會通過了此項賠償決議，阿政府將賠償13.5億美元（2001年債券面值的1.5倍）給50000名投資者。此外還有另外一些頑固的投資人持有面值為60億美元的違約債券，與他們的協商也將參照這一做法。
The Cuban government is to allow residents of two districts in Havana, the capital, to have broadband connections to the internet. Cafes, restaurants and bars will also be permitted this huge privilege.
古巴（Cuban）政府將在首都哈瓦那（Havana）的兩個區(qū)開放寬帶網絡。這一開放互聯網的舉措也將惠及咖啡吧，餐館和酒吧。
The Swiss authorities said they would ask the Malaysian government to help them investigate claims that as much as $4 billion has gone missing from Malaysian state-owned firms. A small amount of the money had been transferred to bank accounts in Switzerland. Officials in Singapore said they had frozen “a large number” of accounts as part of investigations into transactions linked to 1MDB, a Malaysian state-investment ?rm.
瑞士政府部門表示他們將要求馬來西亞政府配合調查有關40億美元巨款從馬來西亞國有企業(yè)無故蒸發(fā)一事。其中少部分金額已轉移至瑞士的銀行賬戶。在對馬來西亞國企一馬發(fā)展基金（1MDB）的調查中，新加坡官員稱他們已凍結了大量與其有交易往來的賬戶。
North Korea declared that it would launch a satellite sometime between February 8th and 25th. Analysts believe the country's real aim is to test a long-range ballistic missile. Japan has ordered its armed forces to shoot down any missile that threatens to fall on Japanese territory.
朝鮮宣稱將于２月８日至２５日之間發(fā)射一顆衛(wèi)星。分析人士認為朝鮮真正的目的是為了測試其遠距離彈道導彈。日本已經命令其武裝部隊攔截任何可能墜落在日本領土的導彈。
Police in China arrested 21 people for their involvement in an alleged Ponzi scheme run by Ezubao, an online ?rm. The company has been accused of defrauding 900,000 investors of 50 billion yuan ($7.6 billion)
中國警察逮捕了e租寶涉案人員共計21人，這一線上公司實則是一龐氏騙局，它已被指控詐騙資金500億元（76億美元），涉及投資人約90萬名。
Talks in Geneva aimed at bringing an end to the civil war in Syria were suspended only days after they began. Opponents of the regime of Bashar al-Assad are demanding a ceasefire, but fighting is instead intensifying, especially around the city of Aleppo. The talks may resume in three weeks. A conference on aid to the region began in London, amid warnings that Lebanon and Jordan are almost overwhelmed by the cost of housing Syrian refugees.
旨在結束敘利亞內戰(zhàn)的日內瓦和談僅進行數日便陷入停滯狀態(tài)。盡管巴沙爾·阿薩德（Bashar al-Assad）政權的反對者們要求停火，戰(zhàn)爭—尤其在阿勒頗（Aleppo）市附近—卻愈演愈烈。此次和談或將于三周后繼續(xù)。援助敘利亞的會議在倫敦舉行，與此同時多方警告道，安置敘利亞難民所花的成本給黎巴嫩（Lebanon）和約旦（Jordan）幾乎帶來了嚴重打擊。
South Africa's president, Jacob Zuma, agreed to pay back some of the $23m in public money that was spent on his private residence, potentially drawing some of the sting from a scandal that may damage the African National Congress in local elections that are due to take place in May.
南非總統雅各布·祖馬（Jacob Zuma）同意償還其用于修繕私人住宅的2300萬美元公款中的部分費用。該丑聞或將影響南非非洲人國民大會（African National Congress）在5月舉行的地方選舉中的表現,祖馬此舉可能會緩和對丑聞的批評之聲。
At least 86 people died in the most brutal attack in months by Boko Haram, a Nigerian jihadist outfit. The attack took place close to the regional capital of Maiduguri, which houses the army's headquarters. Boko Haram lost control of the city in 2014.
尼日利亞圣戰(zhàn)組織博科圣地（Boko Haram）進行了數月來最殘酷的一次襲擊，造成了至少86人死亡。此次襲擊發(fā)生在州首府邁杜古里（Maiduguri）附近，這里同時也是軍隊總部所在地。博科圣地于2014失去了對邁杜古里的掌控。
King Felipe of Spain asked the Socialist party, headed by Pedro Sánchez, to form a government. The Socialists control only 90 seats in the 350-seat parliament, which has been deadlocked since an election in December proved inconclusive. In order to become prime minister, Mr Sánchez will have to win the support of Podemos, an anti-austerity movement, and several other parties. It will be tough.
西班牙國王費利佩（King Felipe of Spain）要求彼得羅·桑切斯（Pedro Sánchez）所領導的社會黨組建政府。社會黨僅擁有議會350個席位中的90個席位，自12月大選結果勝負不明以來便陷入了僵局之中。若想成為西班牙首相，桑切斯必須要贏得反緊縮運動“我可以”（Podemos）以及其他幾個政黨的支持。前方道路將很艱難。
The EU reached a provisional deal with America about data protection. Last year a ruling by the European Court of Justice abrogated the “Safe Harbour” agreement that let firms store individuals' private online data in America. European data-protection agencies gave a cautious welcome to the new “Privacy Shield”.
歐盟同美國就數據保護問題達成臨時協議。去年，歐洲法院判定廢除允許美國公司存儲私人在線數據的“安全港”協議。歐洲數據保護機構對此新“隱私防護盾”表示歡迎的同時也有所警惕。
Aivaras Abromavicius, Ukraine's economy minister, resigned, complaining that the government was doing nothing about corruption.
烏克蘭經濟部長艾瓦拉斯·阿布羅馬維丘斯（Aivaras Abromavicius）辭去部長職務，控訴政府對腐敗袖手旁觀。
A general election was called in Ireland for February 26th. The governing party led by Enda Kenny, the prime minister, is ahead in the polls.
愛爾蘭于2月26日舉行大選。由愛爾蘭總理恩達·肯尼（Enda Kenny）所領導的執(zhí)政黨在民調中處于領先地位。
David Cameron presented a draft deal to “renegotiate” the terms of Britain's membership of the European Union. The prime minister's agitated Eurosceptic critics in his party and the press said he had failed to match the robust promises he made in the party's election manifesto last year. A former minister said that possibly a quarter of the cabinet are “certain” to campaign to leave the union in a forthcoming referendum.
大衛(wèi)·卡梅倫（David Cameron）提出草案協議就英國留盟問題進行商討。首相卡梅倫煽動黨內反親歐派批評者們。媒體表示，他未能遵守去年在政黨大選宣言中所做出的強有力的承諾。英國前首相指出，在即將到來的公投中，可能有四分之一的內閣成員“確定”支持英國離開歐盟。
Another baffling issue, almost as old as Britain's EU membership, was cleared up this week when a death certificate was issued for Lord Lucan. The enigmatic aristocrat disappeared in 1974 after his children's nanny was murdered in London. Decades of speculation about his guilt ensued, as did alleged sightings, but Lucan was never seen again. The court ruling means that his son, Lord Bingham, can inherit the family title and become the 8th Earl of Lucan.
魯肯伯爵（Lord Lucan）死亡證明的發(fā)布讓另一件令人困擾已久的問題—幾乎和英國留盟問題一樣歷史悠久—在本周得到了解決。其孩子的保姆在倫敦慘遭謀殺后，這名神秘貴族也于1974年失蹤。幾十年里，關于他有罪的猜測接踵而至，目擊傳言也層出不窮，但從未有人真正再見到過他。此次法庭的判決意味著魯肯伯爵的兒子賓厄姆勛爵（Lord Bingham）能夠繼承家族頭銜，成為魯肯伯爵八世。 翻譯：劉蕊&倪凌暉 校對：戴秀平
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