評論
打印
And the end of adolescence
青春期的結束時間
has nothing to do with going from 19 to 20
也不一定是19歲和20歲
Increasingly, we have forgotten about this
我們越來越忽視一點
The evidence suggests
有證據顯示
that there is no biologic end of adolescence
青春期的結束并不是一個生物學概念
It's a social construct
而是一個社會學概念
It is having a fully adult status
也就是完全具備了成人特質
The anthropologists have actually
人類學家在這個問題上
had some really interesting contribution to this
做了一些有趣的論證
Berry wrote a whole book looking at adolescents
貝利用一整本書
across 107 traditional societies
描述了107個傳統社會對青春期的理解
and what he shows is every society recognizes
他寫道
adolescence as different than children
所有社會都認為青春期區別于兒童
and not the adult
但又不算成人
but the end of adolescence is being recognized
人們認為青春期的結束
as having full adult roles and responsibilities
應該以完全履行成年人角色和責任為標志
Now in contemporary society
但是在現代社會
when is that?
青春期什么時候結束?
I mean we usually get a laugh
我們經常都會覺得下面這種情況很好笑
because, you know, how many kids
有多少孩子大學畢業后
who graduate from colleges move back with their parents
又搬回去和父母一起住了?
When it is when you get tenure?
是不是到你獲得終身教職時才算成年?
I mean this is really interesting question
關于你什么時候才具備了成年人的身份
about when do you fully have adult status
這是一個有趣的問題
Again, we can operationalize these in terms of adult role
我們也可以用成年人的角色這一標準來衡量
but it's a gray area
但這仍是一個灰色地帶
and the argument can be made
有很多不同的觀點
I made this argument and believe it
我就提出并堅信一個觀點
Adolescence has expanded
即青春期被延伸了
Puberty is happening earlier
青春期的開始時間變得更早
and taking on fully adult roles and responsibilities
然后完全承擔起成年人的角色和職責
and that can constrain behavior
自身的行為因此受到限制
I think part of the reason that Ronneberg data
我認為羅尼伯格的研究數據
show the sharp drop is
顯示了一個極度下降的趨勢是因為
once you get a job
一旦你開始工作
we structured environment in certain way
你就受到了這個環境的制約
he got to get up at certain time
他必須每天在固定時間起床
and the responsibilities impose
必須履行身上的職責
I don't think it's biology
我覺得這不是一個生物學的問題
I think it's more social
更多的是一個社會學問題
Now there are, you know, some of the brain development studies
有一些腦部發育的研究證據
people are interested in this
很多人對這些研究都非常感興趣
but in most studies I have ever seen
但在多數我見過的研究中
young adults look more like adolescents than...
年輕的成年人看起來更像青少年
I mean it's a very gradual shift at the end
我的意思是 這個平移過程是逐漸發生的
and I think the social constraints and responsibilities
我認為社會制約因素和責任
are huge part of this
在中間發揮了重大的作用
And I think that has important implications
而這對我們如何研究青春期
for how we even study adolescence
產生了非常重要的影響
If the nature adolescence itself is boundary on one side by biology
如果青春期的本質一方面是生理上的變化
but on the other side by social context
另一方面又受到社會環境的影響
it forces us to think about the interdisciplinary approach
這就迫使我們不得不采用跨學科的方式
to this interval as a period of development
關注這一特殊的發展階段
