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Puritans and Harvard
清教徒和哈佛
Puritans played a very important role in Harvard history as well as in American history.
清教徒不僅在美國歷史中扮演過重要角色，同樣在哈佛大學的歷史中也起到了重要作用。
In the 16th and 17th century, a series of religious reforms took place in England Finally,
在16和17世紀的英國發生了一系列宗教改革，
the Church of England was established as the Established Church.
最終圣公會被定為英國國教。
People did not have religious freedom.
人們沒有宗教自由。
Those people who did not agree with the Church of England were regarded as Separatists and were persecuted.
那些不同意英國國教觀點的人被視為宗教分裂者，并遭到迫害。
To escape religious persecution, many people fled from England to other countries.
很多清教徒選擇移民到新大陸。
Many Puritans chose to go to the New World.
為了逃脫宗教迫害，許多人逃離英國，前往其他國家。
In 1620, a ship named Mayflower left England.
1620年，一艘名為“五月花號”的船離開了英國。
It transported the English Separatists, better known as Pilgrims, from Plymouth, England to Plymouth, Massachusetts, the United States.
它載著英國宗教分離派——更熟悉的稱號是“清教徒前輩移民”,離開了英國的普利茅斯前往美國馬薩諸塞州的普利茅斯。
There were 102 passengers, more than one third of whom were Puritans.
船上有102名乘客，其中1/3多的人是清教徒。
During the following decade, the number of Puritans grew.
在接下來的10年中，清教徒隊伍逐漸壯大起來。
Then in 1628 these Puritans established the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
并于1628年建立了馬薩諸塞灣殖民地。
Many Puritans had received classic style of higher education in Oxford University and Cambridge University in England.
許多清教徒都曾在英國的牛津和劍橋大學接受過古典式的高等教育。
They wanted to pass on to their descendants this kind of education.
他們想把這種教育傳給子孫后代。
Besides, these colonists saw colleges as an effective way to disperse religious belief.
此外，這些殖民者把大學看做是傳播宗教信仰的有效途徑。
Therefore, in 1636 the first and oldest institution of higher learning in the United States was established by vote of the Great and General Court of Massachusetts Bay Colony,
所以，1636年馬薩諸塞灣殖民地法院投票通過并建立了美國第一所也是最古老的一所高等教育機構，
140 years earlier than the foundation of the United States.
比美國建國早了140年。
The institution was initially named “New College” or “the College at New Towne"（or “Cambridge College”).
這所機構最初被命名為“新學院”或“新市民學院”（又名“劍橋學院”）。
The town where the college located was named Cambridge, because many Puritans had studied in Cambridge University.
因為許多清教徒都出身于劍橋大學，所以學院所在鎮被命名為“劍橋”（現稱“坎布里奇”)。
The name of the town demonstrated that many people still cherished their memory of life in England.
小鎮的名字表明了許多人仍然懷念在英國的生活。
Although they had been persecuted in England, many people still saw England as their motherland.
雖然在那里受到了壓迫，但這時許多人還把英國看做自己的祖國。
The college followed the style of English universities as well.
學院的模式也是延續了英國那些大學的模式。
Then in 1639 the college was renamed Harvard College after a benefactor called John Harvard who was a clergyman.
1639年學院以一位名叫約翰.哈佛的捐贈者重新命名，改名為哈佛學院，而約翰.哈佛本人是個牧師。
Therefore, in a sense, Harvard University was the product of religious activities.
所以，從某種意義上講，哈佛大學是宗教活動的產物。
