評(píng)論
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Here is an image.
這是一張照片。
Since galaxy clusters are representative slices of the universe, scaled-down versions.
因?yàn)樾菆F(tuán)可以看做是宇宙的縮小版。
They are mostly made up of dark matter,
它們也是大部分由暗物質(zhì)構(gòu)成，
and that's what you see in this bluish purple.
這就是你看到的偏藍(lán)的紫色。
The red represents the hot gas,
紅色代表高溫氣體，
and, of course, you can see many galaxies.
當(dāng)然，你可以看到很多星系。
What's happened is a particle accelerator at a huge, huge scale.
發(fā)生的事情就是一個(gè)非常巨大版本的粒子加速器。
And this is very important,
這很重要，
because what it means is that very, very small effects that might be difficult to detect in the lab,
因?yàn)檫@意味著，在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里某些因?yàn)樘《茈y檢測(cè)到的效果，
might be compounded and compounded into something that we could possibly observe in nature.
可能因?yàn)椴粩嗟寞B加，而讓我們?cè)谧匀唤缬^測(cè)到。
So, it's very funny.
這很好玩。
The reason why galaxy clusters can teach us about dark matter,
為什么星團(tuán)可以教我們暗物質(zhì)的知識(shí)，
the reason why galaxy clusters can teach us about the physics of the very small,
為什么它們可以教我們關(guān)于“極小”的物理，
is precisely because they are so very big.
其原因就是因?yàn)樗鼈兲罅恕?/div>
Fourth thing: the physics of the very strange.
第四個(gè)問(wèn)題：關(guān)于“非常奇怪”的物理學(xué)。
Certainly what I've said so far is crazy.
我剛才所說(shuō)的已經(jīng)很瘋狂了。
Okay, if there's anything stranger I think it has to be dark energy.
但是，如果有比那些更瘋狂的，我認(rèn)為就是暗能量了。
If I throw a ball into the air,
如果我把一個(gè)球扔向空中，
I expect it to go up.
我預(yù)計(jì)它將上升。
What I don't expect is that it go up at an ever-increasing rate.
而我不會(huì)預(yù)計(jì)它以越來(lái)越快的速度上升。
Similarly, cosmologists understand why the universe is expanding.
同樣的，宇宙學(xué)家理解為什么宇宙在膨脹。
They don't understand why it's expanding at an ever-increasing rate.
他們不理解的是，為什么宇宙膨脹的速度越來(lái)越快。
They give the cause of this accelerated expansion a name,
他們?yōu)榧铀倥蛎浀脑蛉×藗€(gè)名字，
and they call it dark energy.
叫做暗能量。
And, again, we want to learn more about it.
同樣，我們希望對(duì)它了解更多。
So, one particular question that we have is,
其中一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，
how does dark energy affect the universe at the largest scales?
暗能量是如何在極大的尺度上影響宇宙的？
Depending on how strong it is,
取決于能量的強(qiáng)弱，
maybe structure forms faster or slower.
或許結(jié)構(gòu)的形成會(huì)有快有慢。
Well, the problem with the large-scale structure of the universe is that it's horribly complicated.
但是對(duì)于宇宙的大尺度結(jié)構(gòu)，問(wèn)題是它復(fù)雜得可怕。
