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Even though the Romans did not win every single battle in the first two centuries of the republican era,
盡管羅馬共和國在前兩個世紀(jì)中不是每場戰(zhàn)役都獲勝
they always wound up at the top at the end of the war.
他們總是在戰(zhàn)爭的最后取得勝利
Overall Roman armies proved so successful that they defeated more enemies
整個羅馬軍隊(duì)都非常成功因此，他們打敗的軍隊(duì)
and conquered more territory that they wound up with more ager publicas
占領(lǐng)的土地更多最后，他們贏得的土地很多
or public land than they really knew what to do with.
不知道該如何處理
The unorganized, scattered, random arrangements
羅馬在取得勝利后
Roman made after winning her victories would rise up to haunt Rome in the end.
進(jìn)行無組織，分散的隨機(jī)安排這最終會影響羅馬
Segment 7b: Mos Maiorum Way of our Elders.
7b 祖先的道路
Every nation prides itself on its core values.
所有國家都自豪于自己的核心價值觀
A nation's real core values may differ from its official core values expressed in its laws.
國家真正的核心價值觀可能在法律中和官方核心價值觀不同
For instance, neither the constitution nor any US law states that countries which mess with the United States will regret it bitterly.
例如，憲法和美國法律都沒有說干擾美國的哪些國家都將后悔不迭
Yet, it's one of America's core values that nobody messes with the United States without regretting it bitterly.
但是，美國的核心價值之一就是和美國搗亂的國家和個人都要為自己的所作所為懊悔不已
Americans also tend to believe that their individual political beliefs reflect the nation's core values.
美國人認(rèn)為個人政治觀念反映國家的核心價值觀
For example, some interpret the writings of our founders as proof that America always was and always should be a Christian nation.
一些人把美國國父寫的文件做出這樣的解釋，美國過去是，將來也會是基督教國家
Others use the writings of our founders as evidence that church and state should always remain completely separate.
另一些人用國父們的文件證明宗教和國家應(yīng)該完全分離
Even though scholars have been reading and interpreting the writings of our founders for two centuries now,
盡管學(xué)者們一直在研讀美國建立者們的文件至今已經(jīng)持續(xù)二百多年了
I don't see Americans coming to a consensus on this question about the church-state relationship any time soon.
我認(rèn)為美國人依然沒有在宗教和國家問題上達(dá)成共識
The Romans prided themselves on having exactly the same core values as those held by their ancestors.
羅馬人自豪于他們的價值觀和先人的并無區(qū)別
The Romans were so sure that their core values
羅馬人確定他們的核心價值觀
lived in every Roman's heart that they didn't even have to be written down.
存在于每個羅馬人心中因此不需要寫出來
They were in the Roman blood.
這些價值觀植根于他們的血液中
In Latin, the Romans referred to their ancient ancestral core values as the mos maiorum, the way of our elders.
在拉丁語中，羅馬人把古老的祖先的核心價值觀稱作mos maiorum先人的道路
Immediately after birth, an infant Roman was laid on the ground
在出生以后羅馬嬰兒會被放在地上
for his or her father to acknowledge as his own.
以便讓父親承認(rèn)這是他的孩子
The father alone decided whether to raise the child or not.
父親獨(dú)自決定是否撫養(yǎng)這個孩子
And if not, the child was abandoned.
如果不撫養(yǎng)的話，那么孩子就會被遺棄
This is a vivid illustration of what the Romans called patria potestas,
這生動地證明了羅馬人的patria potestas
a father's absolute power over his wife and his children.
父親對他的妻子和孩子擁有絕對權(quán)力
In his role as pater familias, the father made all the decisions with no input from anybody else.
在這種家庭中，父親可以不聽任何人的意見，做所有決定
He could decide who his children married.
他可以決定孩子的婚姻
He could give them up for adoption
可以遺棄孩子，讓別人收養(yǎng)
or sell them into slavery.
或者把孩子賣為奴隸
He could even kill his children himself, if he wanted.
甚至可以殺死孩子如果他想的話
The father's power over his children and his wife lasted until the day he died.
父親對孩子和妻子的權(quán)利一直持續(xù)到他死去
A man became a full fledged pater familias, only after his father died.
一個男人只有在父親死后才能成為真正的一家之主
A father's power over his daughter lasted until the day she married into her husband's family.
父親對女兒的控制權(quán)持續(xù)到女孩嫁到丈夫家
When a woman married into her husband's family, she then acquired her husband's pater familias.
一旦女人出嫁就處在丈夫家庭的家父控制之下
Note though that many Roman women obeyed their birth father rather than that of the family they married into.
但是很多羅馬婦女服從他們的生父而不是夫家的命令。
