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These Goths were in Italy
你們看,這些哥特人曾經在意大利
They were everywhere
他們簡直無處不在
They basically pushed the Roman Empire out
可以說基本上是他們將羅馬帝國擠出了歷史舞臺
So these people we have what the Anglos and Saxons
接下來我們看這些人,盎格魯撒克遜人
We already talked about we're in England about 450
我們已經討論過他們在公元450左右在英格蘭生活
We have the Franks, the West Franks became the French and the East Franks became the Germans
現在我們來看法蘭克人,其中西法蘭克人后來成為了法國人，東法蘭克人后來成為了德國人
They had the Vandals
我們還能找到汪達爾人
We have heard the word "vandalize"
我們一定聽過"肆意毀壞"這個詞,這就是出處
Maybe we're guilty of it
或許我們還要對此負責呢
We have the East Goths in Italy
東哥特人待在意大利
and the West Goths in Spain, about 450
西哥特人在西班牙境內,這大約在公元450年
So the Visigoths were already in Spain how about 450?
所以西哥特人在450年已經居住在西班牙了
So the West Goths and the Visigoths were in Spain
所以西哥特人在西班牙
for about 250 years before the Moors ever showed up
居住了將近250年,直到摩爾人的出現
One thing about all these tribes
關于這些部落我想說的一件事
These units wandering around
就是這些四處遷徙的部落
They shared certain characteristics, unlike what we find the Roman Empire
他們擁有一些共同的特征，這些特征卻不像羅馬帝國時期
And this is why sometimes you're referred to dark ages
所以這就是為什么有時候這段時期被稱為中世紀黑暗時代
So who's running things ?
那時候有人來統治與管理嗎,沒有
It's pretty chaotic they're illiterate, they're unsettled,
那個時期相當混亂,他們都是文盲,他們居無定所
they're townless, more or less nomadic, pretty hassle bunch
他們沒有聚集成城鎮,還是類似于游牧,互相敵對
One of the things that I teach on the first day
我第一天教德語課的內容里,有一點是
when I teach the German course are days of the week
一周七天的德語表達方式
English is a Germanic language,there's something totally German
英語是日耳曼語系的,因此英語和德語有很多相同之處
they're names of the same Sunday in Germany it's Sonntag
德語中有與英語sunday類似的周日的說法是sonntag
Monday's named after the moon it's Montag
周一是以月亮命名的德語中是montag
In most god structures, how many important dubois are there
在大多數神靈結構中,有多少重要的位格
for example in Christianity
比如說基督教
How many dubois are there?
基督教里面有幾個神的位格
What's a dubois?
什么是位格
Person, thing
人,或是物
Three Why?
基督教而言,是三個，為什么？
Father, Son, and Holy Ghost
圣父,圣子,圣靈
So there's three and most
有三個并且最多三個
Who are the big ones in Norse Mythology?
在挪威神話中誰是最高的神
I'll give you one, who's Thursday named after?
我來給出其中一名神的名字,星期四是以誰命名的
Thor Thor
托爾 托爾
Actually, Thor's name in Germanic is Donar
事實上,托爾的德語名字是Donar
You know you know it's one of those things that sometimes
你知道有時候事情是這樣的
you have a family, if you have an ultrasound
你有一個家庭,將要有一個孩子,你可以用超聲波
and you wanna find out you I wanna know the gender
去探測這個孩子的性別
and it's a boy you say, I wanna name him Donar
你發現是個男孩,然后你說"我想叫他Donar"
You know I mean you gonna be 6'9, 285 you say,
你知道我的意思是希望你長的高大魁梧
"My name is Donar"
最好能長成一個強壯的男孩并自豪地說 "我叫Donar"
So obviously, Thor is what he's a god of war
所以很明顯地,托爾是誰,他是戰神
If you ever thought about it
如果你曾考慮過
When you read about Christmas this year
當你讀到有關今年的圣誕節的文章或者資料時
When you think of Santa Claus' reindeers, Donner and Blitzen
當你想到圣誕老人的馴鹿們 Donner 和Blitzen時
Those are Thor's attributes right?
你會發現他們是托爾的象征不是嗎
Donner and Blitzen, thunder and lightning
Donner 和Blitzen 雷和閃電
