1.be obvious that 很明顯的是······

例句：And it's very obvious that we are human beings, so I always feel we have chimpanzee beings and dog beings.
很顯然我們是人們，所以我總是認為我們也有黑猩猩們以及狗兒們。

2.at the beginning 在開始的時候

例句：And I like to talk about them as he and she, which I was horribly criticized for at the beginning.

而我喜歡將他們當作“他”和“她”來討論，為此我在一開始受到嚴苛的批判。

3.lack of 缺少

例句：To have this coldness, this lack of empathy, has enabled some scientists to do unethical behavior.

擁有這種冷漠、這種同理心的缺乏，使得一些科學家能夠做出不道德的行為。

4.work out 解決，作出，鍛煉

例句：Once you've worked out why you think they are doing it, then you can start testing that: Am I right? Is this a valid assumption or not?

一旦你想出為什么你覺得他們這樣做，然后你就可以開始測試：我是對的嗎？這是否是個有依據的推論？