評(píng)論
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Later the United States had to negotiate for
后來(lái)美國(guó)還為解救人質(zhì)進(jìn)行過(guò)多次談判
hostages, create a standing navy and fight wars
并設(shè)立了常規(guī)海軍，在1801年和1815年
with Tripoli in 1801 and Algeria in 1815.
分別與的黎波利和阿爾及利亞開戰(zhàn)
Increasing friction with Great Britain over
同時(shí)與英國(guó)之間在商業(yè)問題上
mostly commercial matters brought on
不斷加劇的摩擦也引發(fā)了1812年
the war of 1812 yet overall Washington
美國(guó)參與的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)
practiced what he had preached. In 1793
華盛頓遵守了自己所宣揚(yáng)的主張
he himself gave up the 1778 treaty with France
1793年，他主動(dòng)放棄了1778年與法國(guó)
because he thought America was not strong
簽訂的公約，因?yàn)樗J(rèn)為當(dāng)時(shí)的美國(guó)
enough to side with France against Britain,
還沒有強(qiáng)大到可以與法國(guó)聯(lián)合抵抗英國(guó)
Spain and Holland he was right.
西班牙和荷蘭聯(lián)軍，他是正確的
Although his decision was hardly worthy of
盡管他的決策換回的價(jià)值甚至不如
a Virginia gentleman it was a wise and
一個(gè)普通弗吉尼亞人的價(jià)值，但是作為
necessary step for an American president to take.
一個(gè)美國(guó)總統(tǒng)這個(gè)決策是必要且正確的
America is very fortunate that in this and in other
美國(guó)是非常幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)樵诎ㄟ@個(gè)問題
matters George Washington could tell the difference.
在內(nèi)的很多問題之上，華盛頓的認(rèn)識(shí)都非常清晰
Segment 3E; conclusions out of many one,
第3E章，結(jié)語(yǔ)，第一，我們說(shuō)了那么多
given the diversity of the 13 colonies governments
主要就是想說(shuō)在13個(gè)殖民地政府以及
and the diversity of the people who lived there
背景各異的居民之間能夠建立起
the creation of the United States was truly
美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó)，這本身就是一個(gè)奇跡
a miracle. The northern and southern colonies
當(dāng)時(shí)的北方和南方殖民地
were almost separate countries in their attitudes
從態(tài)度上來(lái)說(shuō)跟兩個(gè)國(guó)家無(wú)異
and they would turn out to be separate countries
事實(shí)上他們也差點(diǎn)在一個(gè)世紀(jì)之內(nèi)
before the next century was over. Not everyone
就真正地分裂成兩個(gè)國(guó)家，而且殖民地內(nèi)
in the colonies sided with the continentals,
也不是所有的人都站在大陸軍這邊
Great Britain's universally shoddy treatment
法印戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)之后，英國(guó)在美洲殖民地
of the colonists after the French and Indian
簽署了一系列糟糕的跳躍
war helped unify the colonies as did
這對(duì)于團(tuán)結(jié)殖民地起到了重要作用
the wise leadership of the delegates each colony
但我們需要認(rèn)識(shí)到，各個(gè)州派往大陸會(huì)議的
sent to the continental congress. But perhaps
杰出代表對(duì)于殖民地團(tuán)結(jié)也起到了重大作用
there was also a sort of will to self rule born
當(dāng)然這一切都要建立在那些決議
into those who made the decision to come
移居到這片新大陸的移民們對(duì)于
here to the New World. In their sons and
自治的強(qiáng)烈愿望，他們的精神傳到了
daughters who were actually born in the colonies
他們的兒女--那些生長(zhǎng)在殖民地的人們身上
it became the American will to self rule.
從而形成了世代美國(guó)人尋求自治的愿望
The Sons of Liberty the colonial movement
第二，由自由之子帶領(lǐng)的移民運(yùn)動(dòng)
called the Sons of Liberty wouldn't qualify
"自由之子"在現(xiàn)代的定義當(dāng)中
as terrorists by modern definitions,
并不能被認(rèn)定為恐怖行動(dòng)
springing up in Boston and New York to
他們從波士頓和紐約出發(fā)抗議
protests the 1765 stamp act they caused more
1765年的《印花稅法》 盡管他們?cè)斐闪?/div>
nuisance than they did physical harm but
不少麻煩，卻很少導(dǎo)致人員傷亡
the British no doubt would beg to differ.
英國(guó)當(dāng)時(shí)的所作所為只會(huì)有過(guò)之而無(wú)不及
The Sons of Liberty specialized in vandalism
自由之子的作風(fēng)主要是打砸搶
and in tarring and feathering British loyalists
同時(shí)他們還會(huì)朝無(wú)條件忠于英國(guó)的人
which means you basically pour hot tar
抹焦油，撒羽毛，頂多就是往他們身上
over somebody and cover them in feathers.
潑熱焦油或者插羽毛
Will it kill you? No. Does it make you happy?
這會(huì)致死嗎?不會(huì)，這會(huì)讓你開心嗎?
Doubtful. And as the movement spread through
不見得，隨著這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)推廣到其他的
the colonies more violence sometimes ensued.
殖民地當(dāng)中，有時(shí)候暴力也時(shí)有發(fā)生
Even after the stamp act was repealed
即便在《印花稅法》被推翻之后
the movement remained as a network for
這場(chǎng)運(yùn)動(dòng)對(duì)于那些想要徹底結(jié)束
those who wanted to end British control
英國(guó)在殖民地統(tǒng)治的人群來(lái)說(shuō)
over the colonies. Leading members of
依舊是他們?cè)V諸的形式，自由之子的
the sons of Liberty went on to further
主要領(lǐng)導(dǎo)成員甚至還進(jìn)一步
premeditated offenses against Britain.
策劃過(guò)向英國(guó)挑起戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
One was Samuel Adams, now a beer but back
其中就包括塞繆爾亞當(dāng)斯，現(xiàn)在這是一個(gè)
then the inventor of the Boston Tea Party.
啤酒品牌，但當(dāng)時(shí)他可是波士頓傾茶事件的
Whether they were truly terrorists or not
發(fā)起者，他們的行為究竟算不算是
depends on ones point of view but
恐怖襲擊，這都取決于個(gè)人的看法
they were certainly effective and they
但事實(shí)證明他們的行動(dòng)都是有效的
certainly didn't play by the rules.
而且他們都沒有按照規(guī)定行事
Thank you France, and I mean it,
第三點(diǎn)，要謝謝法國(guó)，我是認(rèn)真的
thank you France. Had it not been for French
法國(guó)，謝謝你，如果當(dāng)時(shí)沒有法國(guó)的支持
assistance it's likely the American Revolution
那么很有可能我們就不會(huì)贏得
would have failed. Individual Frenchmen
美國(guó)大革命，有一些法國(guó)人
such as the Marquis De Lafayette supported
比如德拉菲特侯爵從一開始就在全力
the Americans from the start but in 1778
支持美國(guó)，到了1778年
King Louis the 16th of France made
路易16世國(guó)王更正式以法國(guó)的名義
French support official. Not that he was
向美國(guó)提供援助，他這么做雖然不是
acting out of altruism, he didn't care to be
出于利他主義，他自然無(wú)所謂自己
a nice guy, had he known that the guillotine
是不是一個(gè)好人，如果他知道15年后
was 15 years away from him he may not
等待他的將是置他于死地的斷頭臺(tái)
have done it at all but in politics the enemy
他或許就不會(huì)這么做了，但在政治上
of your enemy is automatically your friend
你的敵人的敵人自動(dòng)就會(huì)成為你的朋友
and like any good French King Louis the 16th
跟所有法國(guó)國(guó)王一樣，路易16世也
hated Great Britain. France had nothing to
對(duì)英國(guó)恨之入骨，在1783年《巴黎條約》
show after the 1783 treaty of Paris except for
簽訂之后，法國(guó)除了一屁股債已經(jīng)
a pile of debt which would later on help
什么都不剩了，這也間接成為了
contribute to the French Revolution.
引發(fā)法國(guó)大革命的導(dǎo)火索
