And what he did was to give tax privileges to Christian priests, to intervene in Christian disputes, to declare Christianity a legal religion, to give money to Christian churches, to start building Christian churches. So all of those actions together gave a great sort of fillip to Christianity."
他給基督教的神職人員稅收優惠,介入基督徒間的爭端,宣布基督教合法,撥款給基督教會,修建基督教堂。所有這些行動極大地推動了基督教的發展。
And it was this fillip that must have given the owner of our villa the confidence to show us Christ looking out at us, full face, unequivocally a man of power. He wears the rich robes and the stylish hairdo that might well have been sported by the villa owner himself, but this is no local ruler and indeed no local god. The Chi Rho monogram makes it clear that what we're being shown is Jesus Christ. And there's a further clue to this man's true nature. On either side of Christ's head the artist has put pomegranates. Now, to any educated visitor, this would recall at once the myth of Persephone, carried off to the underworld, rescued by her mother, and brought back to the land of the living as a great allegory of the cycle of the seasons, of death and rebirth, of descent into hell and return to the light. By the inclusion of this simple fruit, the artist links Jesus to the pagan gods who'd also been gods of dying and returning; to Orpheus, who went to the underworld in search of Eurydice and returned, and to Bacchus who was similarly associated with resurrection.
正是這種鼓勵使得別墅主人敢于向我們展示基督圖像。圖像上的基督正面直視著我們,明白地顯示出這是位強有力的人物。他所穿著的昂貴長袍和時髦的發型也許來自別墅主人,但這肯定不是一位當地統治者,也不是本土神祇。戈符號表明了他的基督身份。此外還有另一個線索:藝術家在他頭兩側各創作了一個石榴。了解希臘神話的訪客必然立刻就能 聯想到神話中被帶到冥府的珀耳塞福涅,她的母親解救了她,讓她重返人間。但由于她在冥府時吃了幾粒石榴籽,因此每年都有一段時間必須在黑暗中度過。她的這個神話是關于四季循環、死亡與重生、落人地府又重返光明世界的寓言故事。藝術家用這一水果將耶穌與異教中同樣死 而復生的神祇聯系起來,比如曾往地府尋找歐律狄克的俄耳甫斯,以及同樣與復活有關的酒神巴克科斯。
This Dorset Christ pulls together all the hopes of the ancient world, the deepest of all human hopes: that death is only part of a larger story that will culminate in abundance of life and even greater fruitfulness.
多塞特的基督匯聚了古代世界的所有希望,而這也是人類最深切的愿望:死亡不是終結,之后還會有更豐富的生活,更豐饒的收獲。