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But through exposure to composite sketches,Polaroids, mug shots and line-ups,eyewitness testimony can change.
但看完混合草圖、寶麗來一次成像、臉部圖像和一排人的圖像后，目擊者的證詞可能會改變。
I'll give you an example from a case.
我將給你一個這樣的例子。
A woman was raped and presented with a series of photographs from which to identify her attacker.
一個婦女被強奸了，而后警方給了她一系列的照片，要她從中指認出強奸她的人。
She saw some similarities in one of the photographs,but couldn't quite make a positive identification.
她對其中的一張照片有點眼熟，但并不能完全確定這個人就是罪犯。
Days later, she is presented with another photo array of all new photographs,except that one photograph that she had some draw to from the earlier array is repeated in the second array.
幾天后，警方又給她一個新的照片系列。不過第一列照片中只有之前她表示眼熟的照片，重新出現在第二系列中。
And a positive identification is made because the photograph replaced the memory,if there ever was an actual memory.
于是，她做出了一個十分肯定的指認，因為即使她真的有記憶，照片也取代了記憶。
Photography offered the criminal justice system a tool that transformed innocent citizens into criminals,and the criminal justice system failed to recognize the limitations of relying on photographic identifications.
于是，照片為犯罪裁決系統提供了一個能把無辜的人變成罪犯的工具。而犯罪裁決系統并不能意識到倚靠照片來指認的缺陷。
Frederick Daye, who is photographed at his alibi location,where 13 witnesses placed him at the time of the crime.
我為弗里德雷在這個由13名目擊證人，指認他犯罪的地方照了這張照片。
He was convicted by an all-white jury of rape, kidnapping and vehicle theft.
他被一個由白人組成的陪審團宣判犯有強奸、綁架和盜竊車輛罪。
And he served 10 years of a life sentence.
他為此被判了10年的監禁。
Now DNA exonerated Frederick and it also implicated another man who was serving time in prison.
現在，DNA洗清了弗里德雷的罪行，這還牽涉到另一個彼時在監獄服刑的人。
But the victim refused to press charges because she claimed that law enforcement had permanently altered her memory through the use of Frederick's photograph.
但是目擊者拒絕為此負責，她聲稱法律機關強制使用的弗里德雷的照片，已經永久性地修改了她的記憶。
Charles Fain was convicted of kidnapping, rape and murder of a young girl walking to school.
查爾斯費恩被判有綁架、強奸和謀殺一名上學途中的女孩的罪名。
He served 18 years of a death sentence.
他為此被判死刑，服刑18年。
I photographed him at the scene of the crime at the Snake River in Idaho.
我為他在愛達華的蛇河邊照了相，這就是案件發生的地方。
And I photographed all of the wrongfully convicted at sites that came to particular significance in the history of their wrongful conviction.
我為所有這些被誤判的人們，在他們被誤判的歷史中十分重要的地方拍了照片。
The scene of arrest, the scene of misidentification,the alibi location.
這些是指他們被逮捕的地方，他們被錯誤指認的地方，以及他們在案發當時所在的地方。
And here, the scene of the crime, it's this place to which he's never been, but changed his life forever.
而這里—犯罪現場，是他從來沒有到過，卻永遠地改變了他的命運的地方。
So photographing there, I was hoping to highlight the tenuous relationship between truth and fiction,in both his life and in photography.
所以，在那里照相，我希望能強調在他的生命，以及在照片中，是非之間脆弱的關系。
Calvin Washington was convicted of capital murder.
凱文華盛頓被宣判犯有蓄意謀殺罪。
He served 13 years of a life sentence in Waco, Texas.
他在德州瓦克度過了13年的監禁歲月。
Larry Mayes, I photographed at the scene of arrest,where he hid between two mattresses in Gary, Indiana,in this very room to hide from the police.
我為拉里梅在印第安納州蓋里拍了這張照片。這是他被捕的地方，當時就在這個房間里，藏在兩個床墊之間，躲避警察的抓捕。
He ended up serving 18 and a half years of an 80 year sentence for rape and robbery.
他因強奸和搶劫罪，被判了80年監禁，最后服刑18年半。
The victim failed to identify Larry in two live lineups and then made a positive identification, days later,from a photo array.
目擊證人在兩次排隊照片中沒有指認出拉里，卻在幾天之后從一系列照片中，肯定了拉里是罪犯。
Larry Youngblood served eight years of a 10 and half year sentence in Arizona for the abduction and repeated sodomizing of a 10 year old boy at a carnival.
拉里楊伯德被判在一個嘉年華上拐騙和雞奸一名10歲男童罪,他在亞利桑那州服了10年監禁中的8年。
He is photographed at his alibi location.
他在案發當時他所在的地方照了相。
Ron Williamson. Ron was convicted of the rape and murder of a barmaid at a club,and served 11 years of a death sentence.
羅威廉姆森被判強奸并殺害一名酒吧女服務員，并被判死刑，服刑了11年。
