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Fifty-four percent of the world's population
世界上54%的人口
lives in our cities.
居住在城市。
In developing countries,
在發(fā)展中國(guó)家，
one third of that population
有三分之一的人
is living in slums.
居住在貧民窟。
Seventy-five percent of global energy consumption
全球75%的能源消耗
occurs in our cities,
發(fā)生在城市，
and 80 percent of gas emissions
導(dǎo)致全球變暖的氣體
that cause global warming
排放有80%
come from our cities.
是來(lái)自城市。
So things that you and I might think about
那些你和我可能認(rèn)為
as global problems,
是全球性的問(wèn)題，
like climate change, the energy crisis
比如氣候變化、能源危機(jī)
or poverty,
或者貧窮，
are really, in many ways, city problems.
事實(shí)上從很多方面來(lái)講，是城市問(wèn)題。
They will not be solved
這些問(wèn)題是不會(huì)得到解決的，除非
unless people who live in cities,
居住在城市里的人們——
like most of us,
就像我們?cè)谧拇蠖鄶?shù)——
actually start doing a better job,
真正行動(dòng)起來(lái)，
because right now, we are not doing a very good one.
因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在我們做的還很不夠。
And that becomes very clear
這一點(diǎn)就變得非常清楚了。
when we look into three aspects of city life:
當(dāng)我們從以下三個(gè)方面考察城市生活時(shí)，
first, our citizens' willingness to engage
首先是我們的公民參與
with democratic institutions;
民主制度的意愿；
second, our cities' ability to really include
其次是我們的城市能夠真正包容
all of their residents;
它所有的居民的能力；
and lastly, our own ability
最后是我們自己
to live fulfilling and happy lives.
能夠充實(shí)而快樂(lè)地生活的能力。
When it comes to engagement,
談到民主參與意愿，
the data is very clear.
我們有很清楚的數(shù)據(jù)。
Voter turnout around the world
全世界的選民投票率
peaked in the late '80s,
在上世紀(jì)80年代達(dá)到峰值，
and it has been declining at a pace
然后以一個(gè)前所未有的
that we have never seen before,
速度在下降
and if those numbers are bad at the national level,
如果說(shuō)這些數(shù)字在國(guó)家層面已經(jīng)很壞了，
at the level of our cities,
那么在城市層面
they are just dismal.
則更慘淡了。
In the last two years,
在過(guò)去兩年中，
two of the world's most consolidated,
世界上最堅(jiān)固、
oldest democracies, the U.S. and France,
最老牌的兩個(gè)民主國(guó)家，美國(guó)和法國(guó)
held nationwide municipal elections.
都舉行了全國(guó)性的市政府選舉。
In France, voter turnout hit a record low.
在法國(guó)，投票率再創(chuàng)新低。
Almost 40 percent of voters decided
將近40%的選民決定
not to show up.
不去投票。
In the U.S., the numbers were even scarier.
在美國(guó)，這個(gè)數(shù)字更加可怕。
In some American cities,
在某些美國(guó)城市，
voter turnout was close to five percent.
投票率僅僅接近5%。
I'll let that sink in for a second.
我會(huì)給大家一點(diǎn)時(shí)間消化。
We're talking about democratic cities
我們正在談?wù)摰氖悄切┟裰鞒鞘校?/div>
in which 95 percent of people
而在這些地方，有95%的民眾
decided that it was not important
覺(jué)得選舉他們的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人
to elect their leaders.
并不是一件重要的事情。
The city of L.A., a city of four million people,
洛杉磯，這座擁有400萬(wàn)居民的城市，
elected its mayor with just a bit over 200,000 votes.
僅僅用20萬(wàn)多一點(diǎn)的選票就選出了市長(zhǎng)。
That was the lowest turnout the city had seen
這是這座城市近100年來(lái)投票率
in 100 years.
最低的一次選舉。
Right here, in my city of Rio,
在這里，我所居住的城市里約，
in spite of mandatory voting,
盡管強(qiáng)制要求民眾投票，
almost 30 percent of the voting population
還是有將近30%的選民
chose to either annul their votes
決定將他們的選票作廢
or stay home and pay a fine
或者待在家里并支付罰款，
in the last mayoral elections.
就在上一次的市長(zhǎng)選舉中。
When it comes to inclusiveness,
談到包容性，
our cities are not the best cases of success either,
我們的城市也做得不是很成功，
and again, you don't need to look very far
跟前面一樣，你不需要很費(fèi)力
in order to find proof of that.
就可以看到這樣的證據(jù)。
The city of Rio is incredibly unequal.
里約是一個(gè)非常不平等的城市。
This is Leblon.
這是萊布朗區(qū)，
Leblon is the city's richest neighborhood.
萊布朗是這座城市最富裕的社區(qū)。
And this is Favela Alem?o.
而這里是阿萊芒貧民窟，
This is where over 70,000
容納了7萬(wàn)多這座城市
of the city's poorest residents live.
最貧窮的人。
Leblon has an HDI, a Human Development Index,
萊布朗區(qū)的HDI，人類(lèi)發(fā)展指數(shù)
of 0.967.
是0.967。
That is higher than Norway, Switzerland
這比挪威、瑞士或者
or Sweden.
瑞典的都要高。
Complexo do Favela Alem?o has an HDI of 0.711.
而阿萊芒的人類(lèi)發(fā)展指數(shù)是0.711，
It sits somewhere in between the HDI
介于阿爾及利亞和
of Algeria and Gabon.
加蓬之間。
So Rio, like so many cities across the global South,
就像南半球的許多其它城市一樣，里約
is a place where you can go from northern Europe
是一個(gè)你可以
to sub-Saharan Africa
在30分鐘內(nèi)經(jīng)歷
in the space of 30 minutes.
從北歐到撒哈拉以南的非洲的地方——
If you drive, that is.
當(dāng)然前提是你自己開(kāi)車(chē)。
If you take public transit, it's about two hours.
如果你乘坐公共交通，那就需要2個(gè)小時(shí)。
And lastly, perhaps most importantly,
最后一點(diǎn)，也可能是最重要的一點(diǎn)，
cities, with the incredible wealth
城市，因其產(chǎn)生的令人難以置信的
of relations that they enable,
人際關(guān)系方面的財(cái)富，
could be the ideal places for human happiness
可以是人類(lèi)幸福蓬勃發(fā)展的
to flourish.
理想場(chǎng)所。
