評論
打印
The normal range for BMI is 18.5 to 24.9.
BMI的正常范圍為18.5到24.9
A BMI less than 18.5 is considered underweight.
BMI低于18.5，則體重偏輕
And this can have many implication on the mother
這將會對母親和胎兒產生很多影響
and fetus as discussed later.
之后會詳述這一點
A BMI 25 and 30 is overweight.
BMI介于25和30之間是超重
And higher than 30 is considered obese.
高于30則是肥胖
Weight gain should be gradual and accumulate
增重是個緩慢的過程
throughout the nine months of pregnancy.
應當在9個月的孕期內逐漸增加
In the first trimester, between one to four pounds should be gained.
早期妊娠階段，體重應當增加1到4磅
During the second and third trimester,
在中期和晚期妊娠階段
two to four pounds per month should be gained,
每個月體重應當增加2到4磅
with the most weight gained
體重的增加量應當
during the last three months.
在最后三個月達到最大
Health care professionals advise against
衛生保健人員建議不要
losing weight during pregnancy
在孕期減肥
even if obese at the start of pregnancy.
即使在一懷孕時就屬于肥胖
Again, a minimum of 15 pounds is required
而且應當至少增重15磅
to provide the support of the baby.
為胎兒提供營養
Steady weight gain is more important
穩定地增加體重更加重要
in the second and third trimesters
特別是在中期和晚期妊娠階段
and often is reflected in the weight of the baby.
通常反映在胎兒的重量上
This can mean gaining three to four pounds
也就是說應當每月增加3到4磅的體重
which is about 1.4 to 1.8 kilograms
大概就是1.4到1.8千克
a month until delivery.
一直依此增重直到生產
It is often not possible to be at the ideal weight
通常很難在懷孕前
before becoming pregnant.
達到理想體重
However, if you are planning on becoming pregnant
但是如果計劃懷孕
and are not at an ideal weight, it is important
而且體重也不是很理想的話
to start seeking help
應當提早開始尋求幫助
from a health care professional early
從衛生保健人員那里獲取建議
so that you can have a healthier pregnancy.
這樣才能健康地懷孕
Some associated risks have been found
一些相關的風險已經被檢查出來了
between pre-pregnancy BMI and birth outcomes.
這些風險通常發生在懷孕前至生產這一階段
Underweight women have complications
體重偏輕的女性會出現以下一些問題
such as an increased risk of preterm delivery,
例如早產
low birth weight, iron deficiency anemia,
出生的胎兒體重過輕，缺鐵性貧血
and other nutritional deficiencies
以及其他一些營養不足的問題
associated with an inadequate diet.
這主要是由膳食營養不足引起的
For overweight women, some risks
對體重偏重的女性而言，會面臨以下風險
include gestational diabetes,
包括妊娠期糖尿病
gestational hypertension, which is high blood pressure,
妊娠期高血壓
Caesarian delivery, birth defects
剖腹產，胎兒先天性畸形
such as neural tube defects and even fetal death,
例如神經管缺損，甚至胎死等
postpartum effects include hemorrhaging,
產后影響包括大出血
wound infection or increased time of wound repair,
傷口感染或者傷口不易愈合
and depression.
以及產后憂郁癥等
If a women is obese during pregnancy,
如果婦女在孕期變得肥胖
it also raises the chance her child will be obese later in life.
這也會提高嬰兒日后肥胖的風險
There are many misconceptions
人們存在很多誤解
about caloric needs during pregnancy.
不清楚孕期對熱量的需要
During early pregnancy, the energy requirements
懷孕初期，能量需求量
are not different from pre-pregnancy needs.
與懷孕前是不一樣的
Typically, pregnant women require
懷孕的婦女需要
between 2,200 to 2,900 calories a day.
每天攝入2200到2900卡路里熱量
This amount is sufficient for the additional needs
這一數量足夠滿足
of the developing fetus.
胎兒發育所需的額外熱量
A modest increase in calorie needs occurs
需要將熱量需求略微提高一般是在
during the second and third trimester of pregnancy.
中期和晚期妊娠階段
During the second trimester, there should be
中期妊娠階段時
an increase of about 340 kcal per day
應當每天增加大概340卡熱量
and during the third trimester there should be
在晚期妊娠階段
an increase of 452 kcal per day.
應當每天增加452卡熱量
These are very minor increases in caloric intake.
這些熱量的攝入量都是很小的
