評論
打印
A known disease molecule, called the target,
一種已知的疾病分子 我們稱為靶分子
is introduced to each of the two million compounds, one by one,
逐一加入到這兩百萬化合物中
to see if anything happens.
去觀察是否有反應
With the two million or so compounds,
在這兩百萬的化合物中
we might get a few
我們可能會發現
compounds that are active against that target.
一些化合物對靶分子有效
We then have to take that one or two hits
然后我們得抓住這一個或兩個的機會
and the chemists will make hundreds, maybe thousands, of samples
化學家根據它們的母核結構
related to that original
合成出成千上萬的類似物
structure to try and improve the activity
以期提高其活性
and most importantly try
最重要的是
to negate any safety or undesirable effects.
消除一切危險的和預期外的功效
We have to screen those over and over
我們必須一遍一遍地篩選
again to make sure that we're going in the right direction.
確保我們的方向正確
After hundreds of millions of tests,
在數以萬計的測試后
just a handful will make it through to trials on people.
只有少量的藥品會進行人體測試
In all, it takes about 1 billion and 15 years' work
總的來說 需要10億的投入和15年的工作
to find the winning compound that can become a licensed drug.
才能找到一種可以獲批投產的化合物
The journey to a medicine is an epic journey.
尋找藥物的旅程是宏大的
That whole process from idea through to a drug approved
從想法的形成到藥品審批通過的整個過程
is one littered with failure.
失敗一直如影隨形
