評(píng)論
打印
We had something that no other animal does
有些事情其它動(dòng)物做不了
and that's what humans do is that they divide up the tasks.
只有人類(lèi)能做 那就是社會(huì)分工
So, early in our evolution,
所以 人類(lèi)進(jìn)化早期
somebody might have been gathering wood
一個(gè)人可能負(fù)責(zé)收集木材
while another one was gathering water.
而另一個(gè)人負(fù)責(zé)收集水源
Somebody might have been making the huts
一些人可能負(fù)責(zé)搭建棚屋
while someone else was making spears
而另一些人負(fù)責(zé)建造長(zhǎng)矛
and, at the end of the day, all those tasks are shared
最后 大家一起分享勞動(dòng)成果
and I think we can start to see
我想 這時(shí)人類(lèi)開(kāi)始覺(jué)得
that we need language to regulate that.
自己需要語(yǔ)言去管理那些分工
We need language for people
人們需要語(yǔ)言
to be able to talk to each other about what they're doing
來(lái)交流溝通彼此正在干什么
and to be able to represent what their contribution is
來(lái)表達(dá)與其他人相比
to the society as opposed to everyone else's.
自己對(duì)社會(huì)的貢獻(xiàn)
This motivation to clarify social tasks
使社會(huì)分工變得清晰
was the final push we needed to get us talking.
是最終促使人類(lèi)說(shuō)話的動(dòng)力
How we adapted the first sounds we made into language
人類(lèi)是如何把最初的聲音變成語(yǔ)言的
is now being revealed for the first time.
這個(gè)問(wèn)題直到現(xiàn)在才被提出
Because no-one designed English, say, no-one sat down and thought,
沒(méi)人去設(shè)計(jì)英語(yǔ) 沒(méi)人會(huì)坐在那想
"English would be useful if it had relative clauses
如果有了關(guān)系從句或其他語(yǔ)法
or some other piece of grammar,"
英語(yǔ)就會(huì)比較有用
it just happens,
它是自然產(chǎn)生的
it happens by this blind unconscious process of transmission
來(lái)自于盲目而無(wú)意識(shí)的信息傳播過(guò)程
and, for the first time, we're able to see that happen in the laboratory.
我們首次在實(shí)驗(yàn)室中觀測(cè)到了這一過(guò)程
