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If you've ever had major surgery, you probably remember lying down and waking up-but nothing in between.
如果你曾經(jīng)動(dòng)過(guò)手術(shù)，你可能會(huì)記得躺下和醒來(lái)這兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，但是對(duì)中間發(fā)生的事情一無(wú)所知。
Thanks to the anesthesiologist, during the actual surgery you were out of it: immobilized and insensitive to pain.
多虧了你的麻醉師，在實(shí)際的手術(shù)過(guò)程中你對(duì)疼痛全然不知。
But until recently scientists had little understanding of how anesthetics actually work on the cellular level.
但直到最近科學(xué)家們對(duì)麻醉藥如何在細(xì)胞水平上發(fā)揮作用仍然了解甚少。
That's changed thanks to recent experiments performed by researchers at the University of Zurich, in Switzerland.
歸功于瑞士蘇黎世大學(xué)研究人員的最新研究，這種情況得以改變。
They knew that anesthetics caused pain receptors in the brain to turn off by acting likemost drugs do:
他們知道正如許多藥物那樣，麻醉藥讓大腦里的疼痛受體處于關(guān)閉狀態(tài)。
anesthetizing drugs attach to particular sites on nerve cells and turn them off.
麻醉藥依附在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞里的特定區(qū)域，并對(duì)它們進(jìn)行麻醉。
The question was, where on nerve cells do these drugs attach?
問(wèn)題是，這些藥物是依附在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的的哪個(gè)部位呢？
Nerve cell membranes have receptors for different kinds of chemicals produced by the brain.
神經(jīng)細(xì)胞膜針對(duì)大腦產(chǎn)生的各種化學(xué)物質(zhì)都有受體。
Gamma-amino butyric acid, or GABA, for example, is a chemical thatshuts down nerve cells.
如γ-氨基丁酸或伽馬氨基丁酸，都是可以使神經(jīng)細(xì)胞關(guān)閉的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
The hypothesis was that general anesthesia works by binding to GABA receptors on a nerve cell, thereby activating the receptor and instructing the cell to shut down.
假設(shè)全身麻醉與神經(jīng)細(xì)胞上的伽馬氨基丁酸受體有關(guān)，那么可以激活受體，指示細(xì)胞關(guān)閉。
So itmade sense for the Zurich researchers to focus on GABA receptors.
因此蘇黎世大學(xué)研究人員認(rèn)為應(yīng)該著重研究伽馬氨基丁酸受體。
To do this they worked with mice that had been genetically engineered to have nerve cells with GABA receptors that wouldn't respond to anesthetics.
為了此項(xiàng)研究，研究人員們用經(jīng)過(guò)遺傳工程處理后的老鼠做實(shí)驗(yàn)，這些老鼠的伽馬氨基丁酸受體不會(huì)對(duì)麻醉藥起反應(yīng)。
And sure enough, when such mice were givenanesthetic drugs they weren't nearly as immune to pain as regular mice that had also been given pain-blocking drugs.
果然，這些老鼠在注射了麻醉藥后并不像正常的老鼠注射了麻醉藥那樣，對(duì)疼痛免疫。
Clearly, GABA receptor sites on nerve cells are part of what allows anesthetics to dotheir job.
顯然，在神經(jīng)細(xì)胞上的伽馬氨基丁酸受體就是麻醉藥發(fā)揮作用的地方。
While the Zurich experiment fills in only one piece of the puzzle, it is an important step towards learninghow these amazing drugs work, and how to make them even better.
盡管蘇黎世大學(xué)的實(shí)驗(yàn)只解決了謎團(tuán)中的一小部分，但是研究麻醉藥是怎樣工作的以及怎樣讓它們工作的更好仍是非常重要的。
