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Conceived as the Temple of the Virgin Athena, it was for centuries the Christian Cathedral of the Virgin Mary, and it later became a mosque.
繼作為雅典娜處女神的神廟之后，它在好幾個世紀內(nèi)是天主教圣母馬利亞的教堂，其后義成為清真寺。
By the end of the eighteenth century, it was a neglected ruin in a diminished Athens ruled by the Turks.
18世紀末， 它成為土耳其治下孱弱的雅典城的一堆廢墟。
But in the 1820s and 30s, the Greeks fought for, and won, independence, and they were given a German king by their European allies.
在十九世紀的三十年代，希臘人贏得獨立，他們的歐洲同盟給他們安排了一位德國統(tǒng)冶者。
The new state needed to define what kind of society it wanted to be.
新國家需要找到自己的社會定位。
Here's Olga Palagia again:"Greece was resurrected in about 1830.
奧爾加帕拉吉亞說道：希臘在十九世紀三十年代獲得了新生。
We had a German king who came to Greece from Bavaria, and the Germans decided they were going to resurrect the Athens of Pericles.
當時的國王是來自巴伐利亞的德國人。德國人決定重建伯里克利的雅典。
This initiated, I think, the perennial identification of the new Greek nation with the Parthenon.
在我看來，這一決定開啟了新的希臘王國對帕臺農(nóng)的長久認同。
So, we have been restoring it from 1834, and I'm sure that this will never end!
我們從一八三四年開始重建帕臺農(nóng)，我相信這一工作永遠不會結(jié)束！
It will be a constant attempt to restore and redefine the Parthenon as a symbol.
我們將不斷恢復、重新定義作為希臘象征的帕臺農(nóng)。
So the seed the Germans sowed in 1834 has really become very big and important."
德國人在一八三四年播下了十分珍貴的種子。
And so this great building had, by the 1830s, acquired yet another meaning.
因此，在十九世紀三十年代，這座偉大的建筑獲得了嶄新的含義。
Not as the self-image of one ancient city, but as the emblem of a new modern country.
它不只是一個古老城市的自我認知，也是新的現(xiàn)代國家的象征。
And it was an emblem familiar to all educated Europeans,through the sculptures in the British Museum.
通過自一八一七年便陳列在大英博物館的帕臺農(nóng)雕像，這一象征更是為歐洲所 有受過教育的人所熟知。
One of the most striking things about recent European history is how countries wanting to define and strengthen their present identity look to particular moments in the past.
近代歐洲史的一個關(guān)鍵點是，許多國家都希望通過歷史上的某一特定時期，定義并加強現(xiàn)代的國家認同。
In the last hundred years or so, more and more people in Ireland, Scotland and Wales have wanted to see themselves as the heirs of a people that flourished in northern Europe at the same time as the Athenians were building the Parthenon.
在最近約一百年的時間里，越來越多的愛爾蘭、蘇格蘭及威爾士人，都想把自己視為一個曾活躍在北歐的民族的后代。這一民族的興盛期與雅典人修建帕臺農(nóng)神廟的時期大致相同。
And it's those other Europeans of two and a half thousand years ago-Europeans dismissed by the Greeks as barbarians-that I'm going to be talking about in the next programme.
這群兩千五西年前的歐洲人，被希臘人視為野蠻人而遭驅(qū)逐的歐洲人，將是我們下一節(jié)的焦點。
