評(píng)論
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Nonetheless, it remains a wonderful and moving piece of sculpture.
但這無(wú)損于這幅雕像的動(dòng)人魅力。
But what does it mean?
然而，這圖案究竟代表了什么意思？
And how can it sum up, in itself, a view of the Athenian state?
我們又如何從中了解當(dāng)時(shí)的雅典城邦呢？
I'm fairly certain that these sculptures are using myths to present a heroic version of recent events.
這些雕像無(wú)疑是在以一種神話的方式講述當(dāng)時(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)中發(fā)生的英雄事跡。
A generation before these sculptures were made, Athens was one of a number of fiercely competitive city states, who were suddenly forced into a coalition with each other by the Persian invasion of the Greek mainland.
在雕像制作者的父輩生活的時(shí)期，由于波斯入侵希臘本土，像雅典這樣原本處于激烈斗爭(zhēng)中的城邦不得不團(tuán)結(jié)一致，抵御外敵。
So, in the metopes, when we see Greeks fighting Centaurs, these mythical battles stand proxy for the real-life struggle between Greeks and Persians.
在排檔間飾上，我們看到希臘人大戰(zhàn)半人馬，這場(chǎng)神話中的戰(zhàn)役代表了現(xiàn)實(shí)中希 臘與波斯間的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
Here's Mary Beard, Cambridge classicist, on what the sculptures would have meant to the people who first saw them:
劍橋大學(xué)的古典學(xué)者瑪麗·彼爾德這樣解釋雕像在當(dāng)時(shí)所代表的意義：
"Ancient Greece is a world which sees - sees - issues in terms of conflict, of winning, and losing.
在古希臘人的世界里，凡事都通過(guò)爭(zhēng)斗來(lái)解決。輸贏決定一切。
It's a conflictual society, and one of the ways that Athenians thought about their position in the world, and their relationship to those they conquered, or abominated, was they saw the 'enemy' or the 'other' in terms that were not, in a sense, human.
希臘人在世界上為自己定位的方式之一，就是將“敵人”及“他者” 都視作“非人”。這便是他們與自己征服或痛恨的人之間的關(guān)系。
So what you have on the Parthenon is different ways of understanding the otherness of your enemy.
帕臺(tái)農(nóng)神廟的雕像展示了表現(xiàn)敵人的“他者性”的不同方式。
I mean, the best interpretation of the metopes, is that you see the heroic conflicts as necessary in order to ensure order.
對(duì)這些排檔間飾最好的一種詮釋，便是將英勇的戰(zhàn)斗視為確保秩序的必然手段。
And part of that is a feeling that we can very easily empathise with.
其中有一部分我們很容易感到認(rèn)同:
I mean, we don't want to live in a culture that the Centaurs - the half-men half-horse run, we don't want to live in Centaur World!
我們不愿意生活在半人馬的世界，
Nor do we want to live in Amazon World. We want to live in Greek World, and Athenian World."
我們希望生活在希臘的世界，雅典的世界。
