評論
打印
Syria’s war
敘利亞戰爭
Their own men
自己人
Islamist rebels sever ties with the political opposition
伊斯蘭反對派與政治反對派斷絕關系
Sep 28th 2013 | CAIRO AND ISTANBUL |From the print edition
SYRIA’S exiled opposition has long struggled to influence the course of the civil war. Its ambitions may just have been dashed for good by those who do the actual fighting. On September 24th eleven of Syria’s strongest rebel brigades jointly announced their rejection of the Syrian Opposition Coalition (SOC), the quarrelsome but broadly moderate Istanbul-based dissident leadership that is recognised by Western and Gulf governments. Syrians outside the country and those picked by foreigners have no authority, said a rebel spokesman. Moreover, he declared, Syria’s revolution must be pursued “within a clear Islamic framework”, based on sharia law as the sole source of legislation.
敘利亞流亡的政治反對派一直在努力影響內戰的進程。他們的野心可能會被真正參戰的反對派所打破。9月24日，敘利亞最強的十一個反叛旅共同宣布他們反對敘利亞反對派聯盟（SOC），SOC是西方和海灣各國政府公認的設在伊斯坦布爾的領導，雖然會有爭吵，但是相對還是比較溫和。一個反對派發言人說，身在國外的敘利亞人和外國人挑選的敘利亞人沒有權威。此外，他宣布，敘利亞革命必須奉行“在一個明確的伊斯蘭框架之內”，什葉派教法作為立法的唯一來源。
New associations come and go in Syria, but this one includes the most powerful and active front-line forces, ranging from moderate Islamists like Liwa al-Tawheed, which previously pledged allegiance to the coalition’s military wing, the Supreme Military Command, to jihadist groups such as Jabhat al-Nusra, an al-Qaeda affiliate. The decision by groups such as Tawheed to partner with radical Islamists guts the military command, leaving it with few groups it can claim to control.
敘利亞新舊協會來來去去，但是SOC包含最強大最活躍的一線部隊，包括溫和派伊斯蘭主義者Liwa al-Tawheed，其曾承諾效忠聯盟的軍事勢力最高軍事指揮以及諸如基地組織聯盟成員，圣戰組織Jabhat al-Nusra。諸如Tawheed等組織與激進伊斯蘭主義者合作的決定破壞了軍事命令，使得很少組織受控于SOC。
Islamist fighters of varying hues have grown to dominate Syria’s mosaic of rebel groups. Outside support for jihadists, which comes mostly from private donors and networks in the Gulf, has proven more reliable than the stop-start flow that foreign governments direct to milder-mannered, Western-approved rivals. Even some vetted fighters have long espoused the creation of an Islamic state, but quietly so as not to worry non-Islamist brothers-in-arms—let alone Syria’s myriad non-Sunni Muslim minorities. The decision to go public is in part down to Egypt, says one rebel man. The coup that ousted Muhammad Morsi, a Muslim Brother, showed that there is nothing to gain from paying lip service to democracy.
各種色彩的伊斯蘭武裝分子已經成長為主導敘利亞的反叛聯盟。外界對圣戰者的支持大多來自私人捐助以及海灣地區的網絡，而西方政府則直接向他們認可的對手，溫和的派別斷斷續續的支持，前者被證明更可靠。甚至一些審查的武裝分子都希望建立一個伊斯蘭國家，但是都是悄悄地說，以免引起非伊斯蘭教兄弟聯盟，更不要說敘利亞無數的非遜尼派穆斯林少數民族。一個反對派成員表示，作出公開決定的部分原因是埃及。埃及的爭辯推翻了穆兄會的穆罕默德穆爾西，表明嘴皮子民主沒什么用。
Western powers will now find their proxies have less influence than ever. In the month since America backed away from missile strikes to punish Syria’s regime for using chemical weapons, the SOC has become increasingly irrelevant. Strikes would have bolstered moderates, including Selim Idriss, a defected general who heads the military command. The ensuing deal between Russia and America whereby Syria’s regime must hand over its chemical weapons was perceived as coming at the expense of the rebels.
現在，西方勢力他們的代理影響力變得前所未有的微弱。自從美國決定放棄導彈襲擊懲罰敘利亞政府使用化學武器以來的一個月，SOC已經變得越來越無關緊要。襲擊將會增強溫和派的實力，包括負責軍事指揮的叛逃將軍Selim Idriss。隨后美俄之間關于敘利亞政府必須交出其化學武器的協議被發現是由反對派買單。
The opposition schism renders the prospect of a negotiated end to the conflict in the near future flimsier still. But the new joint fighting force could act as a bulwark against the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS), an al-Qaeda group manned largely by foreign mujahideen that is more radical than Jabhat al-Nusra. ISIS did not sign the statement, and has faced growing hostility as it seeks to expand its influence.
反對分類使得不久將來通過協商解決沖突的前景變得渺茫。但是新的聯合作戰部隊可以作為反抗伊拉克伊斯蘭國和沙姆地區組織（ISIS）的堡壘，ISIS是一個很大程度上由比Jabhat al-Nusra更激進的外國基地組織mujahideen所操縱的組織。ISIS沒有簽署聲明，隨著其對外擴張會面對更多的敵意。
