評(píng)論
打印
What Happened to the Word "Sex"?
"sex"這個(gè)詞怎么了?
What ever happened to sex? I had to fill out a government form the other day and it ask for my gender, giving town boxes to check, male or female.
"sex"這個(gè)詞怎么了?某天我得填一份官方表格，上面要求我填寫(xiě)性別是男是女。
It wasn't too many years ago that it would have asked for my sex, male of female.
幾年前這樣的表格性別欄還用的是"sex"一詞。
When did the term "gender" replace "sex" to describe the difference between males and females? And why? The term "gender" has become ubiquitous.
是何時(shí)"gender"這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)開(kāi)始取代了"sex", 用來(lái)區(qū)分男女性別的不同?"gender"一詞又為什么普遍適用了呢?
My old college dictionary says that sex is a difference among living beings, as in the male and female sex, while gender is a difference in some languages partially corresponding to the natural order, in which the names of objects are either of masculine, feminine, or neuter gender.
我翻看過(guò)去的大學(xué)辭典，上面顯示"sex"一詞代表生物的差異，如男性和女性，而"gender"這個(gè)詞是指某些語(yǔ)言中部分對(duì)應(yīng)的自然順序的區(qū)別，比如所要形容的對(duì)象是陽(yáng)性，陰性還是中性。
The most recent American Heritage Dictionary advises that, while gender has traditionally been used to refer to grammatical categories,
最新的美國(guó)傳統(tǒng)詞典指出，"gender"一詞歷來(lái)被用來(lái)指語(yǔ)法范疇。
the word has been used in recent years to refer to sexual identity or sex-based social or cultural categories.
近年來(lái)，這個(gè)詞已經(jīng)被用來(lái)表達(dá)性別認(rèn)知或以性別為基礎(chǔ)的社會(huì)和文化類(lèi)別之中。
According to Stoller, an early pioneer in gender identity research, "sex" is defined as the sum of physiological differences between male and female.
斯托勒是性別認(rèn)知研究領(lǐng)域的先驅(qū)，他認(rèn)為，"sex"一詞應(yīng)該定義為男性和女性的生理差異的總和。
In contrast, "gender" is viewed as a strictly psychological phenomenon and refers to the sum of behavioral or psychological differences between the sexes.
相比之下，"gender"則被視為嚴(yán)格的心理現(xiàn)象，是指兩性之間的行為或心理差異的總和。
So there is an important difference between sex and gender. The sex of a person is biologically determined. The gender of a person is culturally and socially determined.
因此，"sex"和"gender"之間有重要的區(qū)別。一個(gè)人的"sex"是生物因素決定的, 而"gender"則由文化和社會(huì)種種因素決定。
The past two decades have produced a wide body of academic literature on gender, along with corresponding university and college departments, centers and courses focusing on the issues of gender identity and gender studies.
過(guò)去二十年間已經(jīng)產(chǎn)生了大量以性別為研究主題的學(xué)術(shù)文獻(xiàn)，以及有關(guān)性別認(rèn)知和性別研究中主要問(wèn)題的大學(xué)，學(xué)院部門(mén)，研究中心和課程。
Textbooks for such courses all agree that gender refers to the roles attached to biological sex; femininity and masculinity in this view are mere social concepts.
此類(lèi)課程的教科書(shū)中都一致認(rèn)同"gender"是指生物的性別角色，這個(gè)概念下，是女性還是男性僅僅是一種社會(huì)觀念。
As one correspondent puts it, "Sex refers to a biological statement of fact. Gender is the way one is socialized according to some standard of behavior associated with a role."
正如一位記者所說(shuō)的那樣，"sex是指一種生物的事實(shí)陳述。"gender"是社會(huì)根據(jù)一些標(biāo)準(zhǔn)與你的行為舉止所判定你扮演的角色"。
"Only women can bear children, but not only women can be mothers."
"只有女性能懷孕生子，但這并不代表只有女性能扮演母親的角色"。
It is now clear that when the government asked for my gender, there was something more involved than wanting to know my biological sex.
現(xiàn)在我清楚那份表格中問(wèn)我"gender"的時(shí)候，遠(yuǎn)不是僅僅想要知道我的生物性別那么簡(jiǎn)單。
There are only two sexes, but at least six if not eight genders: male, female, lesbian, homosexual or gay, bisexual of both sexes and transgendered of both sexes.
只有男女兩種"sex",但卻有至少6中"gender": 男性，女性，女同性戀，男同性戀，雙性戀和變形男女。
The simple change from "sex" to "gender" on a form hints a change in how we are coming to view our society and how it is being restructured.
我們從表格中"sex"到"gender"的用詞變化，可以隱隱感受到人們看待社會(huì)和社會(huì)格局的變化。
